文档介绍：Introduction
HBV基因组结构
pre-s1
pre-s2
S
P
C
pre-c
X
HBV DNA kb
pre-S1 pre-S1蛋白
pre-S2 pre-S2蛋白
S HBsAg
pre-C HBeAg
C HBcAg
P DNAP
X HBxAg
编码
HBsAg
pre-S2
pre-S1
IgM anti-HBc
Total anti-HBc
HBsAg
Acute
(6 months)
HBeAg
Chronic
(Years)
anti-HBe
0
4
8
12
16
20
24
28
32
36
52
Years
Source: CDC and Prevention
Titer
Weeks of Exposure
慢性乙肝的病毒标志
transmitting
Perinatal, percutaneous and sexual exposure
Close person-to-person contact (open cuts and sores, especially among children in hyperendemic areas)
Risk of developing CHB after acute exposure:
90% in newborns
25-30% in infants and children under 5
<5% in adults
Groups at high risk for HBV infection who should be screened
Individuals born in areas of high or intermediate prevalence rates for HBV including immigrants and adopted children
-Asia: All countries
-Africa: All countries
-south pacific islands: All countries
-Middle East (except Cyprus and Israel)
-European Mediterranean: Malta and Spain
-The Arctic (indigenous populations of Alaska, Canada and Greenland)
-South America: Ecuador, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela and Amazon regions of Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia and Peru
-Eastern Europe: All countries except Hungary
-Caribbean: Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica, Granada, Haiti, Jamaica, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, and Turks and Caicos
-Central America: Guatemala and Honduras
Other groups mended for screening
-. born persons not inated as infants whose parents were born in regions with high HBV endemicity (≥8%)
-Household and sexual contacts of HBsAg-positive persons
-Persons who have ever injected drugs
-Persons with multiple sexual parteners or history of STD
-Men who have sex with men
-Inmates of correctional facilities
-Individuals with chronically elevated ALT or AST
-Patients undergoing renal dialysis
-All pregnant women
-Persons needing immunosuppressive therapy
mendations for infected persons regarding prevention of transmission of HBV to others
Persons who are HB