文档介绍：State of the Art
Susan G. Orel, MD MR Imaging of the Breast for
Mitchell D. Schnall, MD the Detection, Diagnosis, and
1
Index terms:
Breast, MR, , , Staging of Breast Cancer
,
Breast neoplasms, diagnosis, ,
, With the introduction of contrast agents, advances in surface coil technology, and
Breast neoplasms, MR, , development of new imaging protocols, contrast agent–enhanced ic reso-
, ,
Breast neoplasms, staging nance (MR) imaging has emerged as a promising modality for detection, diagnosis,
State of the Art and staging of breast cancer. The reported sensitivity of MR imaging for the
visualization of invasive cancer has approached 100%. There are many examples in
Radiology 2001; 220:13–30 the literature of MR imaging–demonstrated mammographically, sonographically,
Abbreviations: and clinically occult breast cancer. Often, breast cancer detected on MR images has
DCIS ϭ ductal carcinoma in situ resulted in a change in patient care. Despite these results, there are many unresolved
SPGR ϭ spoiled gradient echo issues, including no defined standard technique for contrast-enhanced breast MR
3D ϭ three-dimensional imaging, no standard interpretation criteria for evaluating such studies, no consen-
sus on what constitutes clinically important enhancement, and no clearly defined
1 From the Department of Radiology, clinical indications for the use of MR imaging. Furthermore, this technology remains
Hospital of the University of Pennsylva- costly, and issues of cost-effectiveness and petition from percutaneous
nia, 3400 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA biopsy have yet to be fully addressed. These factors along with the lack mer-
19104. Received June 12, 2000; revision
requested July 17; revision received cially available MR imaging–guided localization and biopsy systems have slowed the
September 14; accepted October 2. transfer of this imaging technology from resear