文档介绍：Reference Anwers to the Exercises
Chapter 1 Language and Linguistics
The Nature of Language, pg3
Language Is Systematic
Ex3.
a. This sentence is grammatical, but is nonsensical.
b. This sentence is ungrammatical and nonsensical.
c. This is a good sentence.
d. This is a good sentence.
Language Is Symbolic
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Arbitrariness, pg7
Ex1. According to the concept of arbitrariness, the forms of linguistic signs bear no natural resemblance to their meaning. The link between them is a matter of convention. Thus, the name Xiao Long is just a label for the son. However, in Chinese culture dragon was the symbol for the emperor. Thus, the name may have certain associative meanings.
Ex2. No. The speaker of a language, based upon the convention established in the munity, associates linguistic signs with things and concepts. In people’s mind, “pig” stands for stupidity and laziness. If I name it Pig Hair Shampoo, no one will buy it.
Ex3. Words are arbitrary in form, but they are not random in their use. Although the link between form and meaning is arbitrary, there has existed certain relationship between them in the years of use, which can be called rules. The individual does not have the power to change a sign in any way once it has e established in the munity.
Language Is Primarily Vocal, pg10
Ex1. I prefer to use the spoken language. In a superma