文档介绍：一、概念
在复合句中,修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。引导定语从句的词叫关系词。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
二、引导词
﹙1﹚关系代词:that/who/whom/which/as
﹙2﹚关系副词:when/where/why
三、分类
根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。
1、限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去。例如:
Any man that / who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing.
任何有责任感的人都不会做这样的事。
2、非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。例如:
The house,which we bought last month,is very nice.
这幢房子很漂亮,是我们上个月买的.
注意:非限定性定语从句中不能使用关系代词that。
四、关系代词的用法
1、that: 可指人或物;在定语从句中作主语,宾语,表语。(指人时,相当于who或 whom;指物时,相当于which)(一般不用于非限制性定语从句; 不可置于介词后作宾语) 如:
(1) A letter that/which is written in pencil is difficult to read. (主语)
(2)Do you know the gentleman that/who spoke just now?
(3)You can take anything ( that) you like. (宾语)
(4)What is the question (that/which) they are talking about?
(5)Here is the man ( who/whom/that ) you want to see.
(6)She's no longer the girl ( that) she used to be before.(表语)
(6)Our hometown is no longer the one (that) it used to be.= Our hometown is not the same as it used to be.= Our hometown is different from what it used to be.= Our hometown is not what it used to be.
2、which: 指物;在定语从句中作主语,宾语,表语,定语。如:
(1) The book which/that was on the desk was bought by my father.(主语)
(2)2. The book (which/that) I bought yesterday is very interesting.(宾语)
(3)The factory in which his father works is far from here.
(4)He was proud, which his brother never was. (表语)
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