文档介绍：名词的使用
名词的分类:专有名词和普通名词
专有名词:主要是指人名、地名或某类人或事物的名称,如Beijing,China等。
普通名词:抽象名词,物质名词(不可数名词)
集体名词,个体名词(可数名词)
物质名词: 指无法分为个体的物质。
一般来说,物质名词是不可数的,因而没有复数形式。但有一些特殊情况:
1) 有些物质名词可用作可数名词,表示“一份”、“一杯”、“一种”
Eg: Two strong black coffees, please.( 两份)
It was a special tea. (一种) Three beers, please. (三杯)
2)个别物质名词的复数形式可以表示特别的意义。
Eg: rains (雨季)sands (沙滩) snows (积雪)waters(海域)…
抽象名词:表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念
Eg: education; love; policy; trust; nature; fashion; relief; silence; truth,etc.
多数情况下,这种名词常用于单数形式,不加任何冠词。
Eg: He’s learning French for fun
I wish you good luck.
抽象名词转化为可数名词
Failure is the mother of ess.
(失败与成功在此为抽象概念)
As a teacher , she is a ess, but as a mother, she is a failure because she devotes little time to looking after her child.
(成功者,失败者,可数)
集体名词: 表示若干个个体组成的集合体
Eg: army; audience; crew; family; team; police; government; public
集体名词有时作单数看待,有时作复数看。一般来说,视为整体时作单数看,突出它的成员时作复数看。
His family _____ not large. (be)
His family ______ all music lovers. (be)
在一些情况下,集体名词后单复数动词都可以用,没什么差别
Eg: The audience was (were) excited by the show.
有少数集体名词通常用作单数。
Eg: The gang is being hunted by the police.
pany is sending him to work in Berlin.
个别集体名词则多作复数看待。
Eg: The police are looking for him.
名词的数
不可数名词一般没有单复数之分,它包括抽象名词、物质名词和专有名词。例如:health, advice, glass, wood, English, America
不可数名词作主语,谓语动词须用单数形式。
单复数相同的情况:
sheep; deer; means; fish; works; species; Chinese;Japanese
以及由汉语音译表示度量衡、货币等单位的名词。
Eg: yuan, jiao, fen, jin, mu
只有复数形式的情况:
trousers(裤子); glasses(眼镜); compasses(圆规) a pair of
thanks; clothes; remains; goods; people; cattle
复合名词的复数形式:
:
lookers-on; editors-in-chief, sons-in-law
:
women doctors; men cooks*
这种形式的第一个名词必须是man或woman
考点归纳
►考点一名词的数
规则1:有些学科名词虽以s结尾,但仍为单数名词。如:physics, linguistics, mathematics, politics, statistics。
规则2:表示一类事物总称的名词,常作不可数名词看待而不能加“s”。如:machinery, furniture, equipment, technology, luggage, baggage, homework, evidence。
规则3:有些名词的单、复数形式表达不同的意思。如:chicken鸡肉/chickens小鸡;fish鱼(尾数),鱼肉/fishes各种鱼; paper纸/papers试卷