文档介绍：CHAPTER 1
Logistics and the Supply Chain
1-2
Learning Objectives
To learn the definition of logistics
To understand the economic importance of logistics
To gain an understanding of logistics practices within a firm
To know about logistics careers
The Increased Importance of Logistics
Since 1980, increasing recognition has been given to the importance of logistics, and several key reasons are discussed below.
Several key reasons
1-5
A Reduction in Economic Regulation
Technological Advances
The Growing Power of Retailers
Globalization of Trade
物流与企业经营
(1)企业的价值创造过程
企业的价值创造过程是由生产、营销、物流三个过程共同构成的。三者相互制约、相互影响、互为前提。
物流过程的输出(成果)是向顾客提供物流服务,即通过从原材料的采购供应到产品到达消费者手中的整个物流过程的统一管理,使顾客最经济地获得所需要的商品。
(2)物流在企业经营过程中的职能
价值实现职能:企业的生产与营销成果要通过物流过程来实现。
成本节约职能:即使在发达国家,物流成本占产品最终价格的比重也在20%以上;“第三利润源泉”。
销售促进职能:顾客越来越重视企业的物流服务,物流成为顾客选择企业、维持交易关系的重要条件。
竞争战略职能:经济全球化要求企业在更大范围内组织供应、生产、销售等阶段的物流,以获得产品、价格、服务等竞争优势。
物流与国民经济发展
Logistics can also play an important role in a nation’s growth and development, particularly improvements in transportation efficiency.
从整个社会来看,物流成本也是国民经济总成本的重要组成部分,对国民经济的运行绩效有着重大影响。
While absolute and relative in logistics costs in relation to GDP vary from country to country, logistics is most definitely an important part in a country’s economy .
据世界银行估计,我国的物流成本占GDP的比重大约在18%-20%左右;美国、欧洲、日本等发达国家的物流成本占GDP的比重约在10%左右。