文档介绍：动词的语态
被动语态的应用
1.   被动语态的基本时态变化
被动语态通常为十种时态的被
动形式, 被动语态由 be+过去分词
构成,be随时态的变化而变化。
各种时态的被动语态形式:(以do为例)
一般现在时 am / is / are +done (过去分词).
如: Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.
现在完成时
has /have been done.
如: I have been cloned.
All the preparations for the task have pleted, and we are ready to start.
3)现在进行时 am/is /are being done 例:一座新的电影院正在这儿被建起.
4)一般过去时
was/were done
例: I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.
A new cinema is being built here.
5)过去完成时
had been done 例:
By the end of last year, another new gymnasium in Beijing. (complete)
6)过去进行时
was/were being done 例:
A meeting was being held when I was there.
had pleted
7)一般将来时
shall/will be done
例: Hundreds of jobs if the factory closes.
8)过去将来时
should/would be done
例: The news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived.
will be lost
9)将来完成时(少用)
shall/will have been done
例: The project
will have been
completed before July.
10)过去将来完成时(少用)
should/would have been done
例: He told me that my new clothes would have been made very soon.
2. 被动语态的特殊结构形式
1)带情态动词的被动结构, 其形式为:
情态动词+be+过去分词。
例: The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.
翻译: 他说错误一定要及时改正.
He said that the mistakes must be corrected in time.
2) 有些动词可以有两个宾语, 在用于被动结构时, 可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语, 另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语. 例:
His mother gave him a present for his birthday.
可改为: He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.
或改为: A present was given to him by his mother for his birthday.
3) 当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时, 将宾语变为被动结构中的主语, 其余不动。例:
Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette.
The boy was caught
smoking a cigarette.
They painted
the door green.
The door was painted green.