文档介绍：上海交通大学
硕士学位论文
独立的光伏最大功率点跟踪器的研制
姓名:杜丽芳
申请学位级别:硕士
专业:光学工程
指导教师:徐林
20081201
摘要
独立的光伏最大功率点跟踪器的研制
摘要
利用太阳能电池发电是解决能源问题和环境问题的重要途径之一。
太阳能电池发的电能否充分利用非常重要。但是,由于太阳电池阵列的
输出功率将会显著地随着日照条件、大气条件(包括云层遮挡、局部表面
反射力以及环境温度等)的变化而改变,因此,为了使整个系统的效率达
到最大化,就应该让太阳电池始终工作于最大功率点(MPP)处。
本文在太阳能电池输出特性和现有跟踪算法,例如电压反馈法、功
率反馈法、扰动观察法、电导增量法、模糊算法、神经网络算法的基础
上,分别从硬件和软件方面对研制的独立的最大功率点跟踪器(MPPT)
进行了全面的阐述,并对跟踪器中的创新部分及研制过程中遇到的问题
进行了阐述和分析。该跟踪器电源选用输入范围宽的、稳压性能好的
DC/DC 模块,CPU 选用了 ARM9,IGBT 选用了性价比好的器件;软件
方面,非遮挡情况下采用改进的爬山法,遮挡情况下采用全局寻优、扰
动算法、改进的电导增量算法相结合的算法。在 W 函数的基础上,用
matlab/simulink 仿真太阳能电池 P-V 特性曲线。
实验结果表明该跟踪器能够实现输入范围为 10V—200V,0A—
20A,同时具有良好的跟踪精度和可重复性。
关键词:最大功率点,光伏,跟踪器,改进算法,遮挡
i
摘要
R&D OF INDEPENDENT PV MAXIMUM POWER POINT
TRACKER
ABSTRACT
Generating electricity by solar cells es one of the significant
ways to solve the problem the shortage of energy and environment pollution.
It is very important fully to use the power generated by solar cells. However,
the output power of a PV array varies according to the sunlight conditions,
atmospheric conditions, including cloud cover, local surface reflectivity,
temperature and so on. Therefore, it is necessary to track the maximum
power point (MPP) of the input source all the time for maximizing the
efficiency of the renewable energy system.
Based on the characteristic of photovoltaic array, and characteristics of
MPPT control methods available at present, such as Voltage Feedback,
Power Feedback, Perturbation and Observation (P&O), Incremental
Conductance (ond), Fuzzy algorithm, algorithm. The
paper presents the design and research of hardware and software of the
independent PV Maximum Power Point Tracker. And the paper gives a
particular explanation on the innovative part of the tracker, and analyzes the
problems in the process of R&D. The tracker’s power chooses DC/DC
module, the input voltage of which is wide and the output voltage of which
is stable. ARM9 is chosen as the