文档介绍：《英美诗歌选读》课程教案首页
学生专业班级
学时数
教学目的
教学内容
教学重点
教学难点
教学进程
教学方法
教具
课后总结
作业
备注:教学进程一栏可根据教学内容的多少自定页数。
第十三讲哲理诗、宗教诗、赞美诗
第一节哲理诗
诗歌与哲学是近邻,诗歌往往含有一定的哲理,这样的诗歌可以被称为哲理诗(philosophical poem)。
蒲柏的《人论》就是用双韵体写成的规模巨大的哲学论文,它从创世主、宇宙一直谈到人性、人类社会、道德和人的快乐,其中心思想是柏拉图的伟大的生存之链,宇宙万物在此链中各有位置,人处于天使与野兽之间,人只有安于这个位置,才能快乐。人应该坚信上帝,学着看远看全,就会发现,一切都是合理的:
All nature is but art, unknown to thee;
All chance, direction, which thou canst not see;
All discord, harmony not understood;
All partial evil, universal good:
And, spite of pride, in erring reason’s spite,
One truth is clear: whatever IS, is RIGHT. 整个自然都是艺术,不过你不领悟;/ 一切偶然都是规定,只是你没有看清;/ 一切不协,是你不理解的和谐;/ 一切局部的祸,乃是全体的福。/ 高傲可鄙,只因它不近情理。/ 凡存在的都合理,乃是清楚的道理。(王佐良译)
(Alexander Pope: An Essay on Man, To Henry St, John, lines 289~294))
布莱克常辨证地看待问题,从《一粒沙》中可看出,诗人认识到事物之间有联系,小东西里有大宇宙:
To see a world in a grain of sand,
And a heaven in a wild flower,
Hold infinity in the palm of your hand,
And eternity in an hour. 从一粒沙看世界,/ 从一朵花看天堂,/ 把永恒纳进一个时辰,/ 把无限握在自己手心。(王佐良译)
(William Blake: A Grain of Sand)
华兹华斯在《我心跳动》(My Heart Leaps up)中的名句“儿童是成人的父亲”(The Child is father of the Man)表达了诗人的儿童观,即儿童是成年人的榜样,成年人应该向儿童学习,很有哲理性。华兹华斯《不朽颂》探讨了童年的纯真来自天堂,但随着年龄的增长,天堂明辉是如何逐渐消亡:
Our birth is but a sleep and a forgetting:
The soul that rises with us, our life’s Star,
Hath had elsewhere its setting,
eth from afar:
Not in entire forgetfulness,
And not in utter nakedness,
But trailing clouds of glory do e
From God, who is our home:
Heaven lies about us in our infancy!
Shades of the prison-house begin to close
Upon the growing Boy,
But He beholds the light, and whence it flows,
He sees it in his joy;
The Youth, who daily farther from the east
Must travel, still is Nature’s Priest,
And by the vision splendid
Is on his way attended;
At length the Man perceives it die away,
And fade into the light mon day. 我们的诞生其实是入睡,是忘却:/