文档介绍：Chapter 17 Amines (胺)
Amine Nomenclature
Structures of amines
Basicity of amines
Preparation of amines
Preparation of amines
by alkylation of ammonia
The Gabriel synthesis of primary
amines
Preparation of amines by reduction
Reactions of amines
Alkylation of amines
Acylation of amines
The Hofmann Elimination
Reactions of amines with nitrous acid
(A) Reactions of primary aliphatic
amines with nitrous acid
(B) Reactions of primary arylamines
with nitrous acid
(C) Reactions of secondary amines
with nitrous acid
(D) Reactions of tertiary amines
with nitrous acid
Synthetic transformations of aryl
diazonium salt
(A) Replacement of the diazonium
group by -OH
(B) Replacement of the diazonium group
by -X, -CN
(c) Replacement of the diazonium group
by -H
Azo coupling
Spectroscopic analysis of amines
Amine Nomenclature
Organic derivatives of ammonia
Alkylamines
Arylamines
Methylamine
(甲胺)
Isobutylamine
(异丁胺)
2-Methylpropylamine
(2-甲基丙胺)
Benzylamine
(苄胺)
Primary amines (伯胺):
P380
Aniline
(苯胺)
Ethylmethylamine
(甲乙胺)
N-Methylethylamine
(N-甲基乙胺)
Diethylamine
(二乙胺)
Secondary amines:
(仲胺)
Trimethylamine
N,N-Dimethylmethylamine
(三甲胺)
(N,N-二甲基甲胺)
N,N-Dimethyl-
aniline
(N,N-二甲基苯胺)
Tertiary amines:
(叔胺)
Cyclohexylamine
(环己胺)
1,2-Ethyldiamine
(1,2-乙二胺)
Diamines:
Ammonium ions
(铵离子)
Aminium salts
(铵盐)
Anilinium chloride
(盐酸苯胺)
Quaternary
ammonium
salts
(季铵盐)
2-Aminoethanol
(2-氨基乙醇)
N-Ethyl-N-methylcyclohexylamine
(N-甲基-N-乙基环己胺)
Heterocyclic amine:
(杂环胺)
Pyridine
(吡啶)
Pyrrole
(吡咯)
Quinoline
(喹啉)
Indole
(吲哚)
Pyrrolidine
(吡咯烷)
(四氢吡咯)
Piperidine
( 哌啶)
Structures of amines
sp3-hybrid
sp3-sp3 hybridized
orbitals overlap
C-N:
N-H:
sp3hybridized -1s
orbitals overlap
Tertiary amines with 3 different groups:
Interconversion of amine enantiomers
N: 1s22s22px12py12pz1
P383,
Pyramid(棱锥型)
Basicity of amines
Quarterna