文档介绍：英语说明文的写作方法(一)
就“说明对象”而言,英语说明文可分为对“客观具体事物”的说明和对“主观抽象观念”的说明两大类,比如:对“LASER”、“Computer Problem of Year 2000”等等的说明都是对客观或者具体事物的说明,而“The essful Interview”、“How to Write Good position”等是对主观抽象观念的说明。
对我们中学生朋友来说,在汉语说明文的教学中似乎比较侧重前者,即解释客观具体事物的说明文。但在英语说明文中,阐述和说明“主观抽象观念”的说明文占了很大的比重,其中有些类似汉语中的议论文。但是无论是对“客观具体事物”的说明还是对“主观抽象观念”的阐述,英语说明文从结构上看大致可分为三个部分:第一部分一般是文章的第一段,提出文章的主题,也就是说,文章想要阐述、说明的主要内容;第二部分是文章的主体,可由若干个段落组成,对文章的主题进行展开说明;第三部分是结尾段,对文章的主题作归纳总结。从英语说明文的结构可以看出,要写好英语说明文的关键在于第二部分如何对文章主题进行展开说明。在英语中,常见的用来展开文章主题的方法有下列几种:
在文章开始时提出需要说明的东西和观点,然后常用first,second,…and finally加以罗列说明。罗列法广泛地使用于各类指导性的说明文之中,下面这篇学生作文就是用罗列法写成的:
Early Rising
Early risingis helpful in more than one way. First,it helps to keep us all need fresh air. But air is never so fresh as early in the morning. Besides,we can do good to our health from doing morning exercise。
Secondly,early rising helps us in our studies. We learn more quickly in the morning,and find it easier to remember what we learn in the morning.
Thirdly,early rising enablesus to plan the work of the day. We cannot work well without a good plan. Just as the plan for the year should be made in the spring,so the plan for the day should be made in the morning.
Fourthly,early rising gives us enough time to get ready for our work,such as to wash our faces and hands and eat our breakfast properly.
Late risers may find it very difficult to form the habit of early ri