文档介绍：英语语法讲义
the Non-Finite Verbs
非限定动词
非谓语动词(非限定动词)
:它具有动词的特点,但在句子中起着名词、形容词、副词的作用,充当主语、表语、定语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语的作用,即:非谓语动词在句子中可以充当除谓语以外一切成分。
非谓语动词在句中所作的成分
成分
动词形式
主
语
宾
语
表
语
定
语
状
语
补
语
不定式
动名词
现在分词
过去分词
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
谓语:
说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态,有人称和数的变化(即跟主语的人称和数一致)。
. He works.
He takes care of the baby.
He will go to Shanghai.
He didn’t go to Shanghai.
He has gone to Shanghai.
You are students.
You look smart.
单谓语或动词短语
情态动词/助动词+ v.
系动词+表语
非谓语:
无人称和数的变化,不单独作谓语,但保留动词特点,可以有宾语或状语,主要包括不定式,v-ing形式以及过去分词。
. He works.
He wants to work here.
I want to work here.
He is a father now, so he has to work hard to support the family.
Being a father, he has to work hard to support the family.
动名词
不定式
现在分词
非谓语动词
过去分词
不定式的作用
不定式的时态和语态
不定式的否定形式
不定式
不定式
Examples 例句
1、作主语:
To study hard is your duty. = It is your duty to study hard.
It is important to learn English.
2、作表语:
Your duty is to study hard. His dream is to be a doctor.
3、作宾语: He decided to give up smoking.
He decided not to smoke any more. (否定式)
4、作宾语补语:We believe him to be honest.
Her parents don’t allow her to go out at night.
5、作定语: I have a lot of work to do. / I’m very happy to have the opportunity to study English with you.
6、作状语: e to school to study. (目的状语)
I’m very happy to have the opportunity to study English with you. (原因状语)
不定式的时态和语态
He came to help us. (一般式) (充当什么成分?)
I am very sorry to have broken your vase. (完成式)
She pretended to be crying. (进行式)
The book is to be published next month. (一般式的被动式)
The meeting is said to have been canceled. (完成式的被动式)