文档介绍：摘要挡土墙是指支承路基填土或山坡土体、防止填土或土体变形失稳的构造物。在挡土墙横断面中,与被支承土体直接接触的部位称为墙背;与墙背相对的、临空的部位称为墙面;与地基直接接触的部位称为基底;与基底相对的、墙的顶面称为墙顶;基底的前端称为墙趾;基底的后端称为墙踵。根据其刚度及位移方式不同,可分为刚性挡土墙、柔性挡土墙和临时支撑三类。根据挡土墙的设置位置不同,分为路肩墙、路堤墙、路堑墙和山坡墙等。设置于路堤边坡的挡土墙称为路堤墙;墙顶位于路肩的挡土墙称为路肩墙;设置于路堑边坡的挡土墙称为路堑墙;设置于山坡上,支承山坡上可能坍塌的覆盖层土体或破碎岩层的挡土墙称为山坡墙。重力式挡土墙是以墙身自重来维持挡土墙在土压力作用下的稳定的。重力式挡土墙多用劲砌片石砌筑,在缺乏材料的地区有时可用混凝土预制块作为砌体,也可直接用混凝土直接砌筑,一般不配钢筋或在局部范围配置少许钢筋。这种挡土墙形式简单,施工方便,可就地取材,适应性强。关键词:挡土墙;路堑墙;山坡墙;重力式挡土墙目录前言··················································1挡土墙的作用·········································1挡土墙各部位的名称···································1挡土墙的位置·········································1挡土墙的分类·········································2设计要求···········································································3第二章重力式挡土墙的简介及分类························································································4第三章重力式挡土墙的设计··································&#