文档介绍：82kta烧碱蒸发、片碱工段工艺设计
摘要
氯碱,就是氯碱工业,也指使用饱和食盐水制氯气、氢气、烧碱的方法。工业上用电解饱和氯化钠溶液的方法来制取氯气、氢氧化钠和氢气,并以它们为原料生产一系列化工产品,称之为氯碱工业。
它是用阳离子交换膜把阳极室和阴极室隔开,只让钠离子带着少量水分子透过,其它离子难以透过。电解时从电解槽的下部往阳极室注入经过严格精制的氯化钠溶液,往阴极室注入水。在阳极室中氯离子放电,生成氯气,同时钠离子带着少量水分子透过阳离子交换膜流向阴极室。在阴极室中氢离子放电,生成氢气。但是剩余的氢氧根离子由于受阳离子交换膜的阻隔,不能移向阳极室,这样就在阴极室里逐渐富集,形成了氢氧化钠溶液。随着电解的进行,不断往阳极室里注入精制食盐水,以补充氯化钠的消耗;不断往阴极室里注入水,以补充水的消耗和调节产品氢氧化钠的浓度。所得的碱液从阴极室上部导出。因为阳离子交换膜能阻止氯离子通过,所以阴极室生成的氢氧化钠溶液中含氯化钠杂质很少。用这种方法制得的产品比用隔膜法电解生产的产品浓度大,纯度高,而且能耗也低,所以它是目前最先进的生产氯碱的工艺。
关键词:氯碱工业;电解食盐水;离子膜交换法;烧碱蒸发
Abstract
Chlor alkali, is the chlor alkali industry, also refers to the method usingsaturated salt water for hydrogen. chlorine, caustic soda. Industry with themethod of electrolytic saturation Sodium Chloride Solution to produce chlorine,sodium hydroxide and hydrogen, and takes them as raw material to produce a series of chemical products, called the chlor alkali industry.
It is the use of a cation exchange membrane separates the anode chamber and a cathode chamber, only let sodium ions with water molecules throughother ions through small, difficult to. Electrolysis from the lower part ofelectrolyzer anode chamber injection to pass strict refined Sodium Chloride Solution, injected water into the cathode chamber. In the anode chamberchloride discharge, chlorine gas, and sodium ion with a few water moleculesthrough the cation exchange membrane to the cathode chamber. In the cathode chamber hydrogen ion discharge, hydrogen generation. But the remaining hydroxyl ions due to cation exchange membrane barrier, cannotmove to the anode chamber, so that in the cathode chamber gradually enriched, forming a sodium hydroxide solution. As the electrolysis, and constantly to the anode chamber injection of refined salt water, to supplement the sodium chloride consumption; continue to cathode room into the water, to supplement the water consumption and adjust the concentration of sodium hydroxide. The solution derived from the cathode chamber upper. Because thecation exchange mem