文档介绍：Chapter 9 Constructivist Learning Theory, Problem Solving, and Transfer
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Overview
Meaningful learning within a constructivist framework
The nature of problem solving
Transfer of learning
Technology tools for knowledge construction and problem solving
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An early constructivist perspective
Jerome Bruner—Discovery Learning
Confronting students with problems that they seek solutions for either independently or in small groups
Active construction
Meaningful learning
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Facets of constructivism
Meaningful learning is the active creation of knowledge structures from personal experience
The essence of one person’s knowledge can never be totally transferred to another person because knowledge is the result of a personal interpretation of experience
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Facets of constructivism (cont’d)
Individuals make observations, test hypotheses, and draw conclusions that are largely consistent with one another
Additions to, deletions from, or modifications to knowledge e mainly from the sharing of multiple perspectives
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Constructivism today
Two variations on a constructivist theme
Cognitive constructivism—emphasizes the development of meaningful learning by focusing on the cognitive processes that take place within individuals
Social constructivism—emphasizes the development of meaningful learning by focusing on culture and social interactions
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Conditions that foster constructivism
Cognitive apprenticeship
Teachers modeling cognitive processes that students eventually take responsibility for as they e more skilled
Situa