文档介绍：试管婴儿与生殖工程
上海医学院细胞与遗传医学系
左伋
INFERTILITY
Infertility is defined as no ongoing pregnancy after 9-12 months of sexual activity without contraception. There is no distinction between not using contraception and "trying" to conceive.
STATISTICS
In 1995, 15% of women of childbearing age had ever sought infertility advice, that includes medical advice, tests, drugs surgery or assisted reproductive technologies (ART).
Infertility among Married Women, by Education Level
% of women without high school or equivalent
% of women with just high school or the equivalent
% of those who have some college, but no bachelor's
% of women with bachelor's or higher
Infertile Couples
% or about million of married couples were infertile in 1995.
million were infertile in 1988, and in 1982.
million or 10% of married couples in 1995 had impaired fecundity (either infertile or had problems conceiving or carrying a child to term.)
Infertility by Race
7% of Hispanic women are infertile
% of white women are infertile
% of black women are infertile
% of other groups are infertile
The causes of infertility
Male Factor: Sperm production and sperm quality.
Ovulation: Egg production, egg quality and preparation of the uterine lining for implantation.
Passage: The joining of sperm and egg in the Fallopian tubes and transport of the fertilized egg into the uterus.
Factors causing infertility Tubal factor: 31% Endometriosis: 14% Uterine Factor: 1% Male Factor: 18% Other factors: 18% Unexplained: 15%
The National Institutes of Health found that from 1938 to 1996, sperm counts in the United States have fallen annually about %. European countries have fallen at twice that rate.