文档介绍：本科毕业论文(设计)
外文翻译
外文出处 Tax Policy Center
外文作者 Eric Toder, Joseph Rosenberg
原文:
Effects of Imposing A Value-added tax to Replace Payroll taxes or Corporate taxes
Economic Effects and Behavioral Responses
These revenue estimates assumed no behavioral responses. We have estimated the effects of behavioral responses on receipts or the effects of the various policy options on economic efficiency and output, but provide below some qualitative discussion.
Benefits of a VAT Relative to a Payroll Tax
A value-added tax is neutral between present and future consumption, so it does not adversely affect the incentive to save. It does, however, reduce the return from working in the same manner as an individual e tax or payroll tax, although the mechanism for remitting the VAT is very different than the collection mechanism for direct result is that effect of substituting a VAT for payroll tax on the incentive to work is not large.
The substitution of a broad-based VAT for a portion of the employer payroll tax that we simulate would raise the after-tax wage (lower the total tax rate on the employee’s work product) for workers in the 15 and 25 percent brackets, but lower the after-tax wage (increase the total tax rate on work) for high-wage employees who earn more than the maximum wage subject to OASDI tax (Table 8).
In the examples shown, all workers contribute an additional $ to the value of an employer’s sales. The worker’s marginal product is assumed to be invariant under different tax regimes. Under current law, there is no VAT, but employers withhold from wages $
in employer payroll taxes, leaving $100 of taxable money wages. They also withhold the employee’s $ payroll tax contribution and the employee in the 15 (25) percent bracket pays an additional $15 ($25) of e taxes.
The employee in the 35 percent bracket is assumed to have earnings above the Social Security wage threshold, so she and her employer both pay only the percent ($1