文档介绍：先天性白内障
膜性白内障临床表现为灰白色的硬膜,有多少不等的带色彩的斑点,表面不规则,有时在膜的表面可看到睫状突和血管。亦有纤维组织伸到膜的表面,故又称血管膜性白内障或纤维性白内障
单眼或双眼发病。视力损害严重
(一)前囊性和后囊性白内障
(anterior polar cataracts) 特点是在晶状体前囊膜中央的局限性浑浊,浑浊范围不等,有≤。呈一白色的锥状隆起。双侧患病,静止不发展,视力无明显影响,可不治疗
(posterior polar cataracts) 特点为晶状体后囊膜中央区的局限性浑浊,边缘不齐,形态不一,呈盘状、核状或花瓣状。常伴有永存玻璃体动脉。少数病变为进行性,多数静止。很少有严重的视力减退。在青少年时期,后极部的浑浊想皮质区发展,形成放射状浑浊,对视力有一定影响
(二)极性白内障
Right eye
Left eye
The patient in these photographs had anterior polar cataracts that were more prominent in the left eye than the right. Only the left cataract was visually significant.
较常见,占1/4。
胚胎核和胎儿核均受累,呈致密的白色浑浊,范围4-5mm,完全遮挡瞳孔区
视力障碍明显。多为双眼患病。多为常显遗传
(三)核性白内障(nuclear cataract)
Congenital Nuclear Lamellar Cataract
An outer lamella of the nucleus of the lens is opacified. With apposition migration to the center of the lens
很常见,占40%。
因浑浊位于核周围的层间,故又称板层白内障(lamellar cataract)。表现是在胎儿核的周围绕核浑浊,这些浑浊由许多细小白点组成,皮质和胚胎核透明。在浑浊区的外周,有“V”形浑浊骑跨在浑浊带前后,称“骑子(rider)”。
通常静止不发展,双侧性。由于核中央透明,视力影响不十分严重。
(四)绕核性白内障(perinuclear cataract)
Lamellar cataract
This lens shows an opacified zone in the outer nucleus with the typical riders, curvilinear opacities in the outer parts and outside of the opacified zone.