文档介绍：概述
什么是定语:修饰名词、代词的词。可放于名词或代词之前(做前置定语)或之后(做后置定语)。可充当定语的词类: (1) adj. a clever boy (2) adv. People here work hard. (3) n. a book store (4) 名词所有格 my teacher’s book (5) pron. my teacher (6) 数词 three people
(7)介词短语 a book on the desk (8) V-ed a boy named Tom (9) V-ing a swimming pool (10) 动词不定式 Can you give me something to eat? (11) 定语从句
什么是定语从句:如果定语是一个句子,那么这个句子就叫做定语从句。
什么是先行词:定语从句所修饰的词(.)叫做先行词。有时定语从句可以修饰整个主句(此时定语从句为which或as引导的非限制性定语从句)。如:
He passed the exam, which we hadn’t expected. He passed the exam, as we had expected.
定语从句一般紧跟其先行词之后,有时亦可与先行词分离。
如:I have a picture by a famous painter which was sent to me for my birthday.
先行词为a picture, 和定语从句分离。
The days are gone when we lived together, worked together and played together.
哪些词可以引导定语从句:
共9个关系词,主要起三个作用:①连接主从句;②指代先行词;③在定语从句中充当一个成分。具体包括: 6个关系代词:that / which / as who / whom / whose
3个关系副词:when / where / why
定语从句其实就是研究关于这九个词的问题。注意这九个词必须在定语从句中做一定的句子成分,否则就不是定语从句。
Everyone knows the fact that the moon goes around the earth. that不在从句中做任何成分,故此句为同位语从句, that不可省略
Everyone knows the fact (that / which) you talked about. that在从句中做宾语,故此句为定语从句,可换用which或省略关系代词。
※The suggestion (that / which) he thought of was reasonable.
(定语从句,that在从句中做宾语, 可省略)
The suggestion was that he (should) leave immediately.
(表语从句,that在从句中不作成分,不可省略)
The suggestion that he (should) leave immediately is reasonable.
(同位语从句,that在从句中不作成分,不可省略)
It is my suggestion that he (should) leave immediately.
(主语从句,that在从句中不作成分,不可省略)
※I nearly forgot the fact that he told me yesterday. (that在从句中做宾语, 定语从句)
It is a fact that he was a thief. (主语从句)
The fact is that he was a thief. (表语从句)
The fact that he was a thief surprised everyone present. (同位语从句)
E. 关系词的省略
(1)只有关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时,可以将关系代词(that / which / who / whom)省略;
(2)关系代词whose (只作定语), 关系副词when, where, why(只作状语)都不可以省略:
(3) 关系代词as虽可作宾语,但as在任何情况下都不可以省略。
F. 定语从句的分类限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
(1)限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分,去掉它主句意思往往不明确;
(2)非限制性定语从句只是先行词的附加补充说明,与先行词之间的关系较为松散,和主句之间有逗号分隔。其作用是用来提供附加的