文档介绍：
家蚕中部丝腺的人工拉伸成丝及其结构与
性能的研究#
金媛,杭怡春,张耀鹏,邵惠丽,胡学超**
5
10
(东华大学纤维材料改性国家重点实验室,材料科学与工程学院,上海 201620)
摘要:本文通过人工拉伸家蚕中部丝腺,制备了丝素蛋白纤维,并采用偏光显微镜、拉曼光
谱和材料试验机对所得纤维的形态、结构和性能进行了研究。结果表明,蚕体内中部丝腺后
段拉伸性能较好,拉伸倍数最高可达 300 倍,中部丝腺中段次之,而中部丝腺前段拉伸性能
相对较差。所得丝素蛋白纤维的直径较天然脱胶蚕丝粗,纤维在偏光下部分出现了双折射现
象。另外,经拉伸作用后,部分丝素蛋白分子的构象向β-折叠发生了转变。但是,所得丝
素蛋白纤维与天然脱胶蚕丝相比,在结构与性能上仍存在较大差异。
关键词:家蚕;
中部丝腺;
拉伸; 丝素蛋白纤维
中图分类号:
15
Studies on the structures and properties of the silk fibroin
fiber prepared from the drawn middle silk gland of Bombyx
mori
JIN Yuan, HANG Yinchun, ZHANG Yaopeng, SHAO Huili, HU Xuechao
20
25
30
(College of Material Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical
Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620)
Abstract: In this paper, silk fibroin (SF) fibers were prepared by artificially drawing the middle
silk gland of Bombyx mori. The morphology, structure and properties of the SF fibers were
investigated by using polarized microscope, Raman spectroscopy and material testing instrument.
It was found that the posterior part of the middle silk gland had a better drawability than the
middle part of the middle silk gland and its draw ratio could be up to 300. The anterior part was
relatively hard to be drawn. The SF fiber prepared from the drawn middle silk gland had a larger
diameter than the natural degummed silk and showed a little birefringence phenomenon. Moreover,
some SF molecules in the fibers had a conformational transition to β-sheet after drawing. However,
there were still great differences in structures and properties between the natural degummed silk
and the SF fibers prepared in this work.
Key words:
0 引言
Bombyx mori; middle silk gland; drawing; silk fibroin fiber
35
蚕和蜘蛛一样,都能在环保的条件下,即以水为溶剂,在常温、常压下,以最小能量、
最高效率纺制出强韧的纤维[1, 2]。由于蚕丝蛋白质来源丰富、便于提纯获取,更成为了研究
者们深入研究的对象。人们通常认为形成性能良好的蚕丝的关键原因是蚕通过液晶纺丝使丝
素蛋白经吐丝口后形成了有序取向的β-折叠构象[3, 4],但迄今人类并未能完全证明活体中液
晶态结构的存在,并且,关于该结构的形成理论也未达成共识[5-7]。一些研究者发现,天然
基金项目:高等学校博士