文档介绍：2018/11/21
1
改变世界的物理学(续)
金晓峰
武汉大学,2011/5/16
1.“热”究竟是什么?

复旦大学物理系
Zeroth law
First law
Second law
T
U
S
dU=dQ + dW
dQ  TdS
φ1(P1,V1)=φ2(P2,V2)
“To understand a science it is necessary to know its history.”
te
(1789-1857)
in “Positive Philosophy”
The purview of science grows rapidly with time. It is the responsibility of each generation to join new insights to old wisdom, and to distill the key ideas for the next generation.
James P. Sethna
The pursuit of rigor involves almost inevitably abandoning the historical approach. Great ideas are more often arrived at by bination of intuition and a judicious disregard of niceties than by a systematic and logical development of explicitly formulated premises,… But once the goal has been attained it is possible to go back over the road and see how the same end could have been reached more logically.
. Pippard
1.“热”究竟是什么?
冷热的感觉
伽利略Galileo Galilei
温度计的发明
“By the use of these instruments we have learned, that if we take 1000 or more different kinds of matter, such as metals, stones, salts, woods, cork, feathers, wool, water and a variety of other fluids, although they be at first of different heats, let them be placed together in the same room without a fire, and into which the sun does not shine, the heat will municated from the hotter of these bodies to the colder, during some hours perhaps, or the course at a day, at the end of which time, if we apply a thermometer to them all in ession, it will point precisely to the same degree.”
Black(1728—1799)