文档介绍：句子成分
定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;
主要成分:主语和谓语
次要成分:表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语
1. I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.
↓
主语
↓
谓
语
↓
定语
↓
宾
语
↓
同位语
↓
状
语
㈠主语(subject)句子说明的人或事物
Jane is good at playing the piano.
She went out in a hurry.
Four plus four is eight.
To see is to believe.
Smoking is bad for health.
The young should respect the old.
What he has said is true.
(名词)
(代词)
(数词)
(不定式)
(动名词)
(名词化的形容词)
(句子)
找出句中主语
The sun rises in the east.          
Twenty years is a short time in history.       
The poor are now living in the shelter.
Seeing is believing.     
To see is to believe.         
He likes dancing.    
What he needs is a book.
It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.
(名词)
(代词)
(数词)
(动名词)
(不定式)
(句子)
(名词化的形容词)
(It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语)
㈡谓语说明主语的动作、状态和特征
简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成
I saw the flag on the top of the hill?
He looked after two orphans.
复合谓语由情态动词或助动词+动词;
He can speak English well.
She doesn’t seem to like dancing
英语中按动词后可否直接跟宾语,分成不及物动词与和及物动词。
及物动词(vt.) : 及物动词后必须跟有动作的对象(即宾语),并且可直接跟宾语。
如: He reached Paris .
不及物动词(vi. ):不及物动词后不能
直接跟有动作的对象(即宾语)。若要
跟宾语,必须先在其后加上某个介词。
如: Look! She is singing.
Look at me carefully!
类似的还有:agree, go, work, listen, look, come, die, belong, fall, exist, rise, arrive, sit, sail, hurry, fail, eed...
既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动
词,其意义不变。
如begin 都是作“开始”讲。
Everybody, our game begins.
Let us begin our game.
类似的还有:start, answer, sing, close,
consider, insist, read, learn, prepare, pay,
hurt, improve...
误:deal a problem
正:deal with a problem 处理问题
误:depend sb.
正:depend on sb. 依靠(依赖)某人
误:insist doing sth.
正:insist on doing sth. 坚持要做某事
易误用作及物动词的9个不及物动词:
误:knock the door
正:knock on [at] the door 敲门
误:operate sb.
正:operate on sb. 为某人做手术
误:participate sth.
正:participate in sth. 参加某事
误:refer sth.
正:refer to sth. 查阅(参考)某物