文档介绍：Grammar: infinitives
动词不定式
动词不定式属于非谓语动词的一种形式,区别于谓语动词。
一、动词不定式在句子中不能充当谓语,没有人称和数的变化。 二、动词不定式是由“to+动词原形”构成(有时可以不带to)。
动词不定式的否定形式是“not+动词不定式”。
动词不定式
To do that sort of thing is foolish。
I want to see you this evening.
All you have to do is to finish it quickly.
We found a house to live in.
She came here to study English.
I warned the patient not to eat cold water after the operation.
主语
宾语
表语
定语
状语
宾补
作主语
To master a foreign language is really important nowadays.
To give up smoking is right.
。
2. 放弃吸烟是对的。
It is important to master a foreign language.
It is right to give up smoking
for us
To do 作主语, 常用it 作形式主语,to do真正的主语放在句末。
It is adj. for sb to do sth
(necessary/ important/ easy/ difficult/ possible)
如形容词是用来形容人,则介词用of
It is adj. of sb to do sth
(kind, good, nice, foolish, clever, silly wrong, stupid, considerate, rude, impolite)
作宾语
Fred didn’t have any money, so he decided to look for a job.
He promised not to tell anyone about it.
1. Fred 没有钱,所以他决定找一份工作。
2. 他答应不告述任何人这事。
一. 通常要用动词不定式做宾语的动词有:wish , hope , prepare, manage , ask , offer , promise , expect, pretend , decide, intend等。
二. 有时可以用 it 作形式宾语,而把真正作宾语的动词不定式放在后面。
It is + adj. (of / for sb) to do sth
例如: I find it hard to persuade her.
常用动词: make, find, feel, think, believe, consider
He made it a rule to read English every day.
I find it hard for me to master a foreign language.
三. 有些动词后面既可以接不定式作宾语,又接动名词作宾语,但意义不同。如remember, forget, stop, try, regret, mean 等。
例如:
I remember locking the door.
( lock 动作已经发生)
Please remember to lock the door when you leave.
( lock 动作还没有发生)
作表语
My job is to teach English.
To see is to believe.
1. 我的工作是教英语。
2. 眼见为实。
作定语
a. 动词不定式可以用在名词后面作定语。
如:I have many letters to answer.
b. 但如果动词不定式的动词为不及物动词时,要在其后面加上适当的介词。
如:She has only a cold room to live in.
c. 动词不定式作定语还可表示将来发生的动作。
如: The meeting to be held tomorrow will be of great importance。