文档介绍：论述第四纪新构造运动、气候对地貌、地层和生物分布的影响
论述第四纪新构造运动、气候对地貌、地层和生物分布的影响
摘要
 
第四纪(Quaternary Period)是新生代的第二个纪。从距今240万年至现代,延续约240万年。第四纪中的新构造运动对中国现在的地貌地形等有着重大的影响。第一新构造运动的直接地貌标志即新构造地貌,它是新构造运动直接作用的结果,如断层崖、断块山等。第二新构造运动的间接地貌标志主要由河流地貌反映出来的构造运动。如反映间歇性抬升运动的地貌有阶地、多层溶洞等;水系的汇流和洪积扇顶点的线状排列等。第四纪气候对中国地貌地层及生物分布也有很大的影响。第四纪冰期的出现,明显地改变了地球的自然面貌,无论大陆和海洋,都发生了一系列巨大的变化,即冰川还对陆地表面进行塑造,引起全球海平面的升降以及海陆轮廓的变化。同时,对生物界影响最大的,表现为喜冷生物群的发展的分布区的扩大。第四纪冰期与间冰期的交替,直接影响地球的气候变冷与冷暖波动。第四纪有两大特点,一是此期气候变化剧烈。二是大量生物的出现。本论文从以下的思路编写的。
     新构造运动→地貌→生物分布
            ↘
       气候   ↗→地层
现在研究第四纪就必须用到将今论古的思想,用现在的正在发生的地质作用去推测过去,类比过去,认识过去。如中国现在的地貌,喜马拉雅山的形成等就要用这种思维去推测过去发生了什么。来研究它们对中国一系列的影响。
 
关键词:第四纪  新构造运动气候  地貌  地层  生物  将今论古
 
Abstract
Quaternary (Quaternary Period) is a new generation of the second century. From 240 million years ago to modern, to extend about 240 million years. Quaternary tectonic movement in the new landscape of
China is now the terrain has a significant impact. Neotectonics of the first direct sign that the new construction landscape landscape, it is the direct effect of the new results of tectonic movement, such as the fault scarp, fault block mountain. The second new tectonic landforms marks the indirect reflected mainly by the fluvial geomorphology of tectonic movement. As reflected in the topography of intermittent uplift have terraces, multi-cavity, etc.; River confluence and the alluvial fan apex of the linear arrangement and so on. Quaternary stratigraphy and climate on the bio-distribution landscape in China has great impact. The emergence of the Quaternary Ice Age, significantly changed the face of the earth's natural, both land and sea, are a series of great changes, that glaciers also shape the land surface, causing global sea level and the contours of the land and sea change. At the same time, the greatest impact on the biosphere, showing the development of cold-biota distribution area of the expansion. Quaternary glacial and interglacial alternation, directly affect the cooling and heating and