文档介绍：Solar aspects of papers
parison of the feasibility of battery storage and pumped hydroelectric storage for a solar PV-powered mini-grid
Chris Greacen, ., Palang Thai
Nattaporn Chayawatto, JGSEE
2 May 2006
Abstract
Pumped storage cost pared with lead acid battery cost for hypothetical solar electric village mini-grid requiring 100 kWh of energy storage and with a peak load of 20 kW. Using existing technology, and using assumptions that favor pumped storage, the pumped storage option is found to be times more costly (net present value) than lead acid battery storage, making it unlikely that pumped storage is petitive. Sensitivity analysis finds that the result is robust to wide variations in key variables, including discount rate, peak sun hours/day, battery lifetime, and peak load.
Introduction
The high expense and difficulty of electricity storage is a key challenge for electricity infrastructure in general. For any system powered entirely by intermittent renewable energy, it is particularly difficult. To date, mini-grids generally use lead acid batteries, or forego energy storage and use dispatchable generation (generally diesel generators) running all the time that electricity is demanded, with only supplemental energy provided by intermittent renewables.
Lead-acid batteries have well-known ings. They need frequent replacement (every 1 to 8 years depending on a variety of factors), their costs are significant, and they can be dangerous in a variety of aspects: batteries can explode, the sulfuric acid they contain can cause severe burns, and the batteries must be recycled to avoid contaminating the environment with lead.
Large-scale pumped hydroelectric storage has been used since 1929. It remains the monly used and mercially viable electricity storage technology (Cheung, Cheung et al. 2003). Pumped storage is currently used for installations varying in size from 30 MW to 350MW per installation. By 1997, 290 pumped hydroelectric with GW of c