文档介绍：GENDER AND DISCIPLINARY CHOICES: WOMEN IN HIGHER EDUCATION IN INDIA
Karuna Chanana
Zakir Husain Centre for Educational Studies,
School of Social Sciences
Jawaharlal Nehru University,
New Delhi-110 067
India
e-mail – chananak@
Paper prepared for the UNESCO Colloquium on Research and Higher Education Policy ‘Knowledge, Access and Governance: Strategies for Change’, 1-3 December, 2004, Paris.
Gender and Disciplinary Choices: Women in Higher Education in India
Karuna Chanana
Abstract
This paper focuses on the access and participation of women students in higher education in India in the pre and post economic liberalization phase. Women gained access to higher education gradually during the first four decades after independence in 1947. It was possible because higher education was fully state funded and was highly subsidized. However, their participation was characterized by clustering in the feminine, non-professional and non-market courses in general education. Further, socio-cultural and economic factors acted as barriers to their ability to access higher education. The pressures for change emanating from globalisation came when higher education system was unable to meet the rising social demand for professional education. The self-funded private institutions met this demand for subjects which have been masculine domains. Women have entered these institutions. How are the women affected by the change in the disciplinary options offered by higher education? Do we have sufficient macro and micro data to analyze the trends and shifts in the disciplinary choices of women in higher education in India?
Introduction: Globalisation, higher education and gender equity
The changes spearheaded by economic liberalization and globalisation . Globalisation means many things to many people. According to some, colonialism was globalization while others refer to modernization as globalisation. I refer to it as the impact of economic liberalization in my country since 19