文档介绍：华中科技大学硕士学位论文
摘要
随着中国水电资源利用的高峰期到来,大坝修建的数量越来越多,人们对大坝
的溃决会给下游人民的生命财产带来的威胁,也越来越加关注,所以如何进行溃坝
的风险分析与撤退预警方案设定,成为了水利工作者研究的一个重要课题。
本文从溃坝的基础研究上,给溃坝课题风险分析与预警方案设定提供基础理论
依据和关键性数据,以下介绍本文的研究工作:
(1)针对逐渐局部溃坝问题,从基本的力学层面,对崩塌土体进行稳定分析,
首次结合溃口侵蚀发展过程,以及随时间的上游水库水位变化情况,应用极限平衡
理论改进 OSMAN 的侵蚀崩塌模型,分析整个堤坝溃决过程中的溃口下泄流量、泥
沙输运、溃口冲刷、横竖向的侵蚀扩展以及溃口崩塌情况,建立一个研究逐渐局部
溃坝的整体模型,并把该模型应用于唐家山堰塞湖凿渠导流的实例中,通过应用该
模型计算的溃口下泄流量与实际观测的下泄流量进行比较,从溃口流量模拟层面上,
验证了该模型的实用性。
(2)介绍瞬间整体溃坝问题下泄流量的峰值求解方法,利用有限体积法(FVM)
离散求解浅水方程的 Riemann 解,应用 CFD 软件 Fluent,分别就瞬间整体溃坝、经
典的局部溃坝实例进行洪水模拟,并分别与 Riemann 解、国外模拟结果相比较,验
证软件 Fluent 模拟溃坝洪水的可行性;再尝试使用软件 Fluent 模拟实际地形图下的
溃坝洪水波形态;最后结合逐渐局部溃坝的整体模型和洪水模拟的相关工作,对坝
址处溃口变化过程中的洪水进行模拟。

关键词:溃坝侵蚀极限平衡浅水方程洪水模拟

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华中科技大学硕士学位论文
Abscract
With the peak utilization of hydropower resources e in this
period, more and more dams is being built. If the dam burst, the people living in the
downstream will face with hazards,so the research topic on dam burst risk analysis theory
and assessment methods is very important to more and more hydrologists.
In this paper, from the basics to consider the dam-break , the study provides data on
basic theory and critical for the research topic on dam burst risk analysis theory and
assessment methods, The study of the dissertation in dam-break as follows:
(1) According to the current model of partial dam-break which changed gradually,
based on the limit equilibrium theory in stability analysis of slopes,the force condition of
the block avalanche soils is considered to improve the theory of slope stability analysis ,
combined with breach formation changed with erosion and the upper reaches of the
reservoir water level changed with time. The study create a new model of partial
dam-break gradually , The model is applied to an instance of the Tangjiashan Lake, the
model's usefulness is been proven through the flow of dam-break.
(2) The methods how to calculate peak flow of dam-break are introduced. Based on
rieman