文档介绍：Chapter 14
Understanding Human Personality
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Copyright 2002 Allyn & Bacon
What is Personality?
Personality
Unique psychological qualities of an individual that influence a variety of characteristic behavior patterns across different situations and over time
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Type Personality Theories
Personality types
Distinct patterns of personality characteristics
Hippocrates’ humors
Sheldon’s body types
Sulloway’s birth order types
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Trait Personality Theories
Allport’s trait approach
Cattell’s 16 factors
Eysenck’s three dimensions
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Trait Personality Theories
Five-factor model (Big Five)
Extraversion
Agreeableness
Conscientiousness
Neuroticism
Openness to experience
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Do Traits Predict Behaviors?
Consistency paradox
Personality ratings are consistent while behavior ratings are not
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Psychodynamic Theories
Psychodynamic personality theories
Personality is shaped by and behavior is motivated by powerful inner forces
Freudian psychoanalysis
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Drives and Psychosocial Development
Libido
5 stages of psychosocial development
Oral
Anal
Phallic
plex
Latency
Genital
Fixation
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Psychic Determinism
Psychic determinism
Mental and behavioral reactions are determined by previous experiences
Unconscious
Stores repressed urges and primitive impulses
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Structure of Personality
Id
Primitive, unconscious part of the personality
Pleasure principle
Superego
Internalization of society’s va