文档介绍：THE INTERNATIONAL IC ALPHABET (revised to 2005)
CONSONANTS (PULMONIC) © 2005 IPA
Bilabial Labiodental Dental Alveolar Post alveolar Retroflex Palatal Velar Uvular Pharyngeal Glottal
Plosive p b t d †∂ c Ô k g q G /
Nasal m M n = ≠ N –
Trill ı r R
Tap or Flap | «
Fricative F B f v T D s z S Z ß Ω C J x V X ‰© ? h H
Lateral Ò L
fricative
Approximant √® ’ j Â
Lateral l ¥ ˚
approximant
Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a voiced consonant. Shaded areas denote articulations judged impossible.
CONSONANTS (NON-PULMONIC)
Clicks Voiced implosives Ejectives
> Bilabial ∫ Bilabial ' Examples:
ñ Dental Î Dental/alveolar p' Bilabial
< (Post) alveolar ˙ Palatal t' Dental/alveolar
¯ Palato alveolar ƒ Velar k' Velar
Ñ Alveolar lateral Ï Uvular s' Alveolar fricative
(Continued on inside back cover)
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A Course in ics
Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning, Inc. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part.
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Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning, Inc. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part.
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A Course in
ics
Sixth Edition
PETER LADEFOGED
Late, University of California, Los Angeles
KEITH JOHNSON
University of California, Berkeley
Australia • Brazil • Japan • Korea • Mexico • Singapore • Spain • United Kingdom • United States
Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning, Inc. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part.
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A Course in ics, Sixth © 2011, 2006, 2001 Wadsworth, Cengage Learning
Edition
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the
Peter Ladefoge