文档介绍：武汉大学
硕士学位论文
两类氟中毒病区氟斑牙釉质结构和成分的比较研究
姓名:付茜
申请学位级别:硕士
专业:口腔临床医学
指导教师:王贻宁
20060428
中文摘要
地方性氟中毒在中国 29 个省、市、自治区流行。根据摄氟的来源不同,氟中毒
基本有三种类型:饮水型、燃煤污染型和饮砖茶型,其中,燃煤污染型是中国特有的
危害最严重的一型。在典型的燃煤污染型和饮水型病区,氟斑牙的患病率和病变程度
均与机体总摄氟量呈正相关关系,但是同步流行病学调查却显示,燃煤污染型氟中毒
病区缺损型氟斑牙的患病率要显著高于同等级的饮水型氟中毒病区。为了初步探讨燃
煤污染型氟中毒和饮水型氟中毒病区氟斑牙的釉质病变特点是否存在差异,为将来开
展不同氟中毒病区氟斑牙的临床治疗和疗效比较提供理论依据,并为两类病区病情的
显著差异提供合理的解释,本实验收集了燃煤污染型病区和饮水型病区相同年龄段患
者因牙周炎拔除的重度氟斑牙,以我院外科拔除的正常牙作对照,首次对这两类病区
重度氟斑牙釉质的结构和成份进行了对比研究。
本实验分为以下两部分:第一部分,应用扫描电子显微镜、电子探针显微分析仪、
能谱仪对两类病区氟斑牙的釉质组织病理和元素组成特点进行对比研究,试图比较两
者是否存在差异;第二步,应用氟离子电极对两类病区氟斑牙釉质病变程度比较的同
时进行釉质氟浓度的比较,试图分析两类病区氟斑牙的形成病因是否存在差异。
研究结果显示,燃煤污染型组和饮水型组与对照组比较,釉质磨耗明显,粗糙,
多孔,釉质中钙、磷、氧含量均较对照组低,提示燃煤污染型组和饮水组釉质都具有
矿化不良的病变特点。实验组比较,燃煤污染型组比饮水组矿化不良的程度更重,但
釉质氟含量却较饮水组低,提示两类病区氟斑牙的形成病因可能不同,还需要进一步
的研究。
关键词: 氟斑牙; 牙釉质; 扫描电子显微镜; 电子探针显微分析仪;
氟离子电极
I
Abstract
Endemic fluorosis is prevalent in China covering 29 provinces, municipalities and
autonomous regions. The endemically affected areas can be divided, according to the
sources of fluoride, into three types: high fluoride water, pollution from coal burning, and
drinking brick tea in excess, coal burning endemic fluorosis is the most severe and
exclusive type in china. In typical coal-burning fluorosis area and water-drinking flurosis
area, the incidence and severity of dental fluorosis caused by coal-burning endemic
fluorosis and water-drinking endemic fluorosis both had a positive correlation with the
uptake of F concentration in the body, mon occurrence epidemiological data
indicated that the incidence of the severely dental fluorosis in coal-burning fluorosis area
was higher than those in water-drinking fluorosis area. In order to investigate the
difference of lesion character of fluorotic enamel between coal-burning fluorosis area and
water-drinking fluorosis area primarily, to supply the theoretical basis for the future
clinical treatment, and to explain the significant difference of disease sit