文档介绍：专题九非谓语动词
一、非谓语动词的定义
非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词,主要包括不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词),即动词的非谓语形式。非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外,可以承担句子的任何成分。
二、非谓语动词的句法功能
成分
形式
主语
宾语
宾补
表语
定语
状语
不定式
√
√
√
√
√
√
动名词
√
√
√
√
分词
√
√
√
√
【考点一】考查非谓语动词的时态和语态
非谓语
动词
时态
主动
语态
被动
语态
动词不
定式
一般时(表示动作和谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生, 或在其后发生)
to do
to be
done
进行时(表示动作和谓语动作同时发生)
to be doing
完成时(表示动作发生在谓语动作之前)
to have done
to have
been done
动名词
一般时(通常表示一般性的动作或与谓语动作同时发生)
doing
being done
完成时(动名词的动作发生在谓语动作之前)
having
done
having been
done
现在分词
一般时(表示分词的动作和谓语动词的动作同时发生)
doing
being done
完成时(表示分词的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前)
having
done
having been
done
过去分词
过去分词无人称和数的变化,也没有时态和语态的变化
done
She regrets not having studied puter hard.
Having done their homework, the boy went home.
They stood there, talking.
I am used to watching TV in the evening.
He is said to be playing a part in the film.
The novel was said to have been published.
His being neglected by the host added to his uneasiness.
【考点二】考查非谓语动词用作主语
(1)不定式作主语:侧重于动作的具体性和将来性,还可以用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。一般用it作形式主语,主语的不定式短语后置。
(2)动名词作主语:通常表示抽象动作,还可以表示一件已知的事或经验。动词-ing形式作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。
注意:动名词作主语时,常用it作形式主语,用于以下句型:
It is no use/no good/fun/a waste of time/a good pleasure ... +doing
It is useless/good/worthwhile ... +doing
It is not very good for you to smoke so much.(具体)
It took me only five minutes to finish the job.
It is fun playing chess with Jack.
I don’t mind Jack (him) going.
ing to help was a great.
There is no denying that she is very efficient.
【考点三】考查非谓语动词用作状语
(1)不定式作状语
①不定式作目的状语:in order (not) to(可放在句首,也可放在句中);so as (not) to(只能放在句中)。
②不定式作结果状语(出人意料的结果):too ...to, enough to, (only) to, so + adj./adv.+as to等。
“Can the project be finished as planned?”“Sure, to get pleted in time, we’ll work two more hours a day.”
He hurried to the station (only) to find that the train had left.
③不定式作原因状语:用在表示心理感觉的形容词后,说明产生这种情绪的原因。
I’m very glad to see you.
(2)现在分词作状语
①分词可在句中作时间、原因、条件、结果(顺其自然的结果)、让步、伴随或方式等状语。
②现在分词无论作何种状语,它的逻辑主语必须是句子的主语,句子的主语可能是分词动作的执行者,也可能是分词动作的承受者。
③在一