文档介绍：Chapter 2
Mango Breeding
Ian . Bally, Ping Lu, and Peter R. Johnson
Introduction
mon mango (Mangifera indica L.) and closely related genera (Mangifera
spp.) belong to the family Anacardiaceae that consists of dicotyledonous trees
and shrubs. Mango trees are evergreen with branched, upright to spreading dense
canopies that can grow to heights of 30 m. The tree is supported by one to several
deep taproots and abundant surface feeder roots. Trees are long lived with many
specimens living for more than 100 years. The canopy consists of dark green,
simple, alternate leaves, oval-lanceolate to roundish-oblong in shape. New leaves
are produced in periodic flushes with the colour tone of expanding leaves varying
between tan and red. Hundreds of hermaphrodite and male flowers are borne on
branched conical panicles that grow from the terminals of branches. The fruits are
fleshy drupes that vary in size, shape and colour, with the fleshy mesocarp being the
most attractive edible proton of the fruit. Each fruit contains a single seed enclosed
in a stony endocarp. Seed embryos can be either monoembryonic or polyembryonic
dependant on genotype.
Mango by production is the fifth largest fruit crop in the world behind bananas,
grapes, apples and oranges and the second most important tropical fruit crop. Global
production is estimated to be around 27 million tonnes per annum. India dominates
global production accounting for some 40% of total production. Mango production
plays an important role in the rural economy of many tropical countries. However, in
spite of the large volume of mango production almost all of the product is consumed
domestically in its country of origin: less than 4% (908,000 tonnes) of production is
exported. Many of the reasons for the low export volumes lie in the highly perishable
nature of mangoes. Of the mangoes that are grown and traded internationally, the
majority are cultivars originating in Florida which are renowned for th