文档介绍：Unit9TeachingListeningWarmingupquestionsWhatareourproblemsinlisteninginEnglish?DoyouthinklisteningisverydifficultforEnglishlearnersinChina?Howdomostteachersteachlistening?Whatdoyouthinkofthiskindofteaching?ThefocusfortodayWhatmakeslisteningsodifficult?Whatdowelistentoinoureverydaylife?Whatarethecharacteristicsofthelisteningprocess?prehension?Whataretheprinciplesforteachinglistening?Howcanweteachlisteningeffectively?TextbookPP136-137Whatmakeslisteningsodifficult?mitteemeetingsshoppinglessonslecturesconversationsgossipswatchingtelevisionstory-telling(Ur,1996:105)?'sresponseSpeakerajustment(TextbookP139)-upprocessingTop-downprocessingPP143-144Bottom-upprocessingproceedsfromsoundstowordstogrammaticalrelationshipstolexicalmeanings,‘message’.prehensionbeginswiththemessagereceived,essivelevelsofsounds,words,clauses,andsentences,:ScanningtheinputtoidentifyfamiliarlexicalitemsSegmentingthestreamofspeechintoconstituents–.“abookofmine”anizetheinputintoconstituents–forexample,“thebookwhichIlentyou”→[thebook][whichIlentyou]Top--downtechniquesaremoreconcernedwiththeactivationofschemata,withderivingmeaning,withglobalunderstanding,andwiththeinterpretationofatext.(PP143-144)(PP184-185)