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《经济问题》2001 年第 5 期 M ay. , 2001 N o. 5
垄断、竞争与管制: 中国铁路改革
李轶男
(山东大学经济学院, 山东济南 250100)
摘要: 西方产业组织理论中的 SCP 基本框架对中国铁路行业的市场结构、企业行为和经济绩效进行实证分析很有效。
中国铁路行业相当高的行业集中度、规模经济性以及进入退出障碍表明中国铁路行业是一个高度垄断的产业; 其政企合一、
运输质量低下、运价不合理等行为弊端亟待解决。从主要技术指标和经济效益指标来看, 中国铁路改革空间很大, 兼顾竞争与
管制, 从政企分离, 非自然垄断与自然垄断业务相分离的原则出发, 网运分离是中国铁路运输管理体制改革的必然选择。
关键词: 铁路改革; 垄断; 自然垄断; 竞争; 管制; 网运分离
中图分类号: F530 33 文献标识码: A 文章编号: 1004- 972X (2001) 05- 0015- 04
M onop ly, Competition and R egu lation: Ch ina R ailroad R efo rm
L I Yi- nan
A bstract: T he article adop ts the fundam ental fram e SCP of w estern industry o rganization theo ry and m akes a po sitive
analysis of China railroad industry in m arket structure, business conduct and econom ic perfo rm ance. R em arkably high indus
try concentrated rate, econom y of scale and barriers to entry and exit demonstrate that China railroad industry is a highly mo
nopo lized one; T he abuse of business conduct w hich includes m erged governm ent and business, low quality and unreasonable
p rice of transpo rtation, eagerly dem ands to be settled. o rding to the p rim ary techno logy index and econom ic p rofits index,
there is a lo t of wo rk to do; Considering bo petition and regulation, starting w ith the separation of governm ent from
business, and nonnatural monop ly from natural monop ly, the article concludes that it is separating operat