文档介绍：中文摘要
摘要
山西被誉为我国古建筑的宝库,除了历朝历代保留至今的寺观、庙宇,民间
的居住建筑也是其重要的组成部分。在山西,现存元明清时期的民居有近 1300 处,
其中最精彩的部分,当属分布在晋中一带的晋商豪宅大院。随着人们对晋商研究
的深入,一系列的晋商文化在逐步挖掘中也绽放硕果,继而便是对晋商精神财富
与物质财富的载体——晋商建筑的关注,尤其是他们的居住院落。
晋中大院以深邃富丽著称于世,固有的地理环境及政治经济、历史文化和风
俗习惯诸多因素的影响,使得晋中大院在长期历史发展中,逐渐形成了自己的风
格和特色。本文以晋中商人的居住建筑为研究对象,重点考察了晋中榆次、太谷、
祁县、平遥、灵石等地现存的实例,以此作为研究依据,并以晋中的自然地理环
境和历史文化发展作为贯穿的线索,对晋中大院从聚落环境—群体空间—单体造
型—细部装饰—技术要素分门别类进行解析。
本文的研究总体上依照从整体到局部的思路。首先通过对晋中地区的概况进
行梳理,较为系统全面的展示与晋中大院形成发展密切相关的背景资料;接下来
对晋中大院所在的聚落进行探讨,因为聚落的形态深深的影响着内部建筑的组成
和性质;继而通过对大院建筑群体的内部空间进行剖析,从不同角度逐步探讨其
空间组织及构成的特点;空间以外,造型、装饰也是大院建筑在形象上最引人注
目的因素,通过对院落内外各组成部分形体的分析,总结出各部分鲜明的形象特
征,以及对繁复多样的细部进行整理归类,得出其深厚的思想文化内涵;最后,
对晋中地区大院建筑的建筑材料,结构类型,营造机制等技术要素做出研究。力
求通过这些方面对晋中大院的特色进行全面而深入的归纳和总结。
关键词:晋中大院,聚落,空间,造型,装饰,技术
I
英文摘要
ABSTRACT
Shanxi is praised as the treasure-house of ancient architectural structures. In
addition to the temples which were built in the past dynasties and reserved up to now,
folk houses are also an important part of it. In Shanxi, the number of the existing folk
houses built during Yuan, Ming, Qing dynasties is close to 1300, among which the most
fascinating part should be merchants’ luxurious residence distributing in Jinzhong area.
With a more and more thorough understanding of Shanxi merchants, the research of the
culture of Shanxi merchants is also gradually bearing fruit. Subsequently the
architecture by Shanxi merchants arouses more concern, particularly the grand
courtyards they lived in, which carry their spiritual wealth and material wealth.
The grand courtyards in Jinzhong are famous for their deepness and
sumptuousness. In the long history of development, under the influence of many factors
such as geographical environment, politics, economics, culture and customs, they
gradually formed their own style and features. This thesis takes the dwelling houses of
Shanxi merchants as the research subject and especially investigates the existi