文档介绍：摘要
摘要
饮用干净健康的饮用水是基本人权,保障这项基本人权是国家和社会的基本责任。昆山
市位于江苏东部经济高度发达、水安全难以保证的平原水网区。昆山市目前仅有一个饮用水
水源地,即,傀儡湖饮用水水源地,境内无大型湖库或河流,饮用水源全部依赖于上游阳澄
湖补给。随着经济加速发展,昆山市的集中饮用水水源地受到工业、农业、生活、娱乐等污
染源的污染加重,面临水体富营养化、水质污染和水量不足的胁迫,加上其水源受制于上游
来水,无后备水源,昆山市面临着水量型和水质型缺水的威胁。
本文在搜集资料和现场调查的基础上,构建了湖库型饮用水水源地安全评价指标体系,
以昆山市湖库型饮用水水源地为例,按照归一化方法将指标分为三类指标:水质指标,其他
量纲指标和无量纲指标。本文选用层次分析法赋权重,采用综合指数法进行水源地安全评价。
针对各种指标的特性采用不同的方式进行归一化处理:其中水质指标主要包括:一般污
染物、有毒污染物、富营养化污染物。分别计算各类污染物质的综合污染指标,其次对评价
参数赋权,将各单元参数的无量纲指数和参数权重进行加权平均,得出水质综合评价指数;
其他量纲的指标通过建立评价模型,根据实际意义和实用情况确定各个指标的某些特征值,
再通过这些特征值得出每个评价指标模型的具体形式,最后根据区域各指标的实际值和评价
模型得出各评价指标的评价值;对于无量纲指标,主要是对指标进行定性描述,并进行安全
分级,并给出不同级别的分值范围,再按照水源地的实际情况进行评分。
在对昆山市湖库型饮用水水源地进行安全评价的基础上,分析了影响水源地安全的制约
因素,重新调整了一级保护区、二级保护区和准保护区的范围,并对各级保护区内存在问题
提出相应的防护措施,包括生态防护措施、工程防护措施以及管理措施。本文可为保障昆山
市饮用水水源地安全提供参考。
关键词:饮用水水源地,安全评价,层次分析法,归一化
I
Abstract
Security Assessment of Drinking Water Source Area of
Reservoir-A Case of Kun-Shan City
Abstract
It is basic human rights to drink clean water, and it is basic responsibility for
government and society to guarantee the basic human rights. Kunshan lies in east
Jiangsu province-a plain area with highly developed economy and insecure
water quality. There is only one drinking water source area in Kunshan, this is, Kuilei
lake drinking water source area. Without big lakes and rivers, the drinking water
source area depends on replenishment from Yangcheng lake. Pollution from industry,
agriculture, living and amusement has been increasing with the development of
economy, which makes this drinking water source area face the risk of water body
eutrophication, and the decline of both water quantity and quality. Besides, the
drinking water area is subjected to upstream water, and no reserved water source is
existed. Thus, Kunshan is in great danger of qualitative and quantitative water
scarcity.
On the basis of collecting data and filed survey, the dissertation structured
environmental safety assessment index sy