文档介绍：ALSO BY DAVID F R O M K I N
The Independence of Nations
The Question of Government
DAVID FROMKIN
A PEACE TO
END ALL PEACE
THE FALL OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE
AND THE CREATION OF THE MODERN
MIDDLE EAST
AN OWL BOOK
HENRY HOLT PANY
NEW YORK
Henry Holt pany, LLC
Publishers since 1866
115 West 18th Street
New York, New York 10011
Henry Holt® is a registered trademark
of Henry Holt pany, LLC.
Copyright © 1989 by David Fromkin
All rights reserved.
Distributed in Canada by H. B. Fenn pany Ltd.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Fromkin, David.
A peace to end all peace.
Bibliography : p.
Includes index.
ISBN 0-8050-6884-8
1. Great Britain—Foreign relations—Middle East. 2. Middle East—Foreign
relations—Great Britain. 3. Middle East—Politics and government—1914-1945.
I. Title.
1989 88-34727
Henry Holt books are available for special promotions and
premiums. For details contact: Director, Special Markets.
First published in hardcover in 1989 by Henry Holt pany
First Owl Books Edition 2001
Printed in the United States of America
13 15 16 14
"After 'the war to end war' they seem
to have been pretty essful in Paris
at making a 'Peace to end Peace.'"
Archibald Wavell (later Field Marshal Earl
Wavell), an officer who served under Allenby
in the Palestine campaign, commenting on
the treaties bringing the First World War
to an end
CONTENTS
List of Illustrations and Maps 10
Photo Credits 11
Acknowledgments 12
A Note on Spelling 14
Introduction 15
PART I At the Crossroads of History
1 THE LAST DAYS OF OLD EUROPE 23
2 THE LEGACY OF THE GREAT GAME IN ASIA 26
3 THE MIDDLE EAST BEFORE THE WAR 33
4 THE YOUNG TURKS URGENTLY SEEK AN ALLY 45
5 WINSTON CHURCHILL ON THE EVE OF WAR 51
6 CHURCHILL SEIZES TURKEY'S WARSHIPS 54
7 AN INTRIGUE AT THE SUBLIME PORTE 62
PART II Kitchener of Khartoum Looks Ahead
8 KITC