文档介绍：English Grammar
Non-Predicate Verbs (非谓语动词)
英语中动词的非谓语动词有三类:
1. 不定式:infinitive
2. 动名词:gerund
3. 分词: participle
{现在分词: present participle
过去分词: past participle }
1. 不定式:infinitive
Form
Usage
Omission of “ to”
to do(not to do) 一般式(否定)
to be doing 进行式主动
to have done 完成式
to have been doing 完成进行式
to be done 一般式被动
to have been done 完成式
﹡一般式:
不定式表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生,或者在谓语动词表示的动作之后发生。
1. I’m glad to see you. (同时发生)
2. They invited us e to a party.(不定式动作后发生)
3. puter to be produced is of a new type. (被动)
must promise never to do that again.
﹡进行式:
谓语动词表示的动作发生时,不定式表示的动作正在进行。
1. They are said to be building another bridge over the river.
据说他们正在这条河上修另一座大桥。
2. I ’d rather read than watch television; the program seem___ all the time.()
a. to get worse b. to be getting worse
我宁愿看书也不愿意看电视,电视节目好像越来越差了。
﹡完成式:不定式表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前
1. The bank is reported in the local newspaper___in broad daylight yesterday.()
a. robbed b. to have been robbed
c. being robbed d. having been robbed
2. They were reported to have discovered anthor ancient tomb in this area.
﹡完成进行式:
在谓语动词表示的动作发生前,不定式表示的动作一直在进行。
1. They are said to have been collecting folk songs there.
(= It is said that they have been collecting folk songs there.)
2. The struggle was know to have been going on for over twenty years.
Usage
1 subject(主语)
2 predicative(表语)
3 object(宾语)
4 attribute(定语)
5 adverbial(状语)
plement(补足语)
1.﹡不定式(短语)作主语通常转化成“It + is/was + adj./n. + 不定式(短语)”, 其中it 是形式主语(form subject),真正的主语是后面的不定式(短语)。
To master a foreign language is not easy.
→ It’s not easy to master a foreign language.