文档介绍：第二篇句法
一、主要句式
(一) 知识概要
hing, anyone, anything, someone, something …要作为单数如: Someone is waiting for you在并列句中表示联合关系的连词有: and not only … but also, neither … nor, either … or如: My sister and my parents are going to the cinema。表示转折关系的并列连词有: but 和 yet, 如: She is a good student, but she didn't pass the final exam. 又如: I think the news is strange, yet it is true表示选择关系的连词有:or, either … or,如: Hurry up, or you will be late for school表示因果关系的并列连词有: for, so 如: They studied very hard, so they all passed the exam在初中范围复合句中主要有状语从句和宾语从句(名词性从句)两种,而定语从句(形容词性从句)要在高中讲述,为了使同学阅读文章方便,我们将在下面另一章予以介绍。我们首先来看宾语从句。①在及物动词的后面可以接一个名词来充当宾语,如: I knew the man, 而这时也可以用一个句子来充当宾语,如: I knew that he was a good man这时宾语从句的连接词有 that, (that 只在从句中起联接作用,不在句中充当语法成分,既不是主语也不是宾语,所以在口语中常常被省略。如: I am sure (that) she has passed the exam②if, whether 它们在宾语从句中只起连接作用,不起语法作用,当作是否讲。从句中有 or not 结构时,要用 whether, 如: I ask him if (whether) he has had his lunch I asks him whether he has had his lunch or not③ what 它在宾语从句中除了作连接词外,还要作主语或宾语成份,如: I don't understand what you said(what 作 said 的宾语)。又如: I asked him what made him sick (what 在宾语从句中作主语)。④ who,它也和what一样,在句中除作连接词外,可以充当句中的成份,如:I know who she is looking for? ⑤ whose 如: I want to know whose book this is? ⑥ which 如: Do you know which book is mine?
在连接词中还有4个常用的连接副词,① how 它的应用最广,如: how much, how many, how long, how soon, how old …。如: How much does it cost? ② when 它只是连接时间状语,如: Please tell me when the meeting will begin? ③ where 它连接地点状语,如: Where are you from? ④ why 它要连接的是原因状语从句,如: The teacher asked why Tom didn'e to school. 在考试中常见到的考点是:宾语从句的时态与主句时态的呼应问题。①主句谓语动词如果是现在时或将来时,宾语从句的时态可以是任何所需要的时态, 如: I know he didn'e. 我知道他没来。 I know he e tomorrow我知道他明天来。I know he has gone to London我知道他已去伦敦了。②主句中的谓语动词若是过去时,宾语从句也要用过去时态中的某一种。比如: 一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时,过去完成时。除了在表达宇宙中的客观真理时,不能用现在时态。如: I wanted to know when he e The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun状语从句主要有时间状语从句,其连接词有:after, before, when, as, as soon as, until (till), while, since, by其中较难掌握的有以下几点:① until (till) 直到,在用