文档介绍：Contents
1
Affixation
Compounding
Conversion
Blending
4
1
2
3
Clipping
Acronymy
Back-formation
Sound Reduplication
8
5
6
7
Commonization of Proper Names
9
2
General introduction
Affixation (30%-40%)
Compounding (28%-30%)
Conversion ( 26%)
The most productive methods
Shortening(8%-10%)
Blending 1%-5%
clipping
acronymy
Backformation
Sound reduplication
Lead-in
Word formation refers to the process of how words are formed
Eg: politics→political →apolitical →politician
→political prisoner
3
Affixation=derivation
affixation
prefixation
suffixation
1. Affixation
Affixation is generally defined as the formation of words by adding affixes to bases.
Prefixation is the formation of new words by adding prefixes to bases.
Suffixation is the formation of new words by adding suffixes to bases.
4
Prefixation
5
The major prefixes can be classified into 10 categories by their meaning.
Negative Prefixes否定前缀
Reversative or privative prefixes逆反前缀
Pejorative prefixes贬义前缀
Prefixes of degree or size表范围和程度的前缀
Prefixes of orientation and attitude表方向和态度的前缀
Locative prefixes方位前缀
Prefixes of time and order表时间和顺序的前缀
Number prefixes数字前缀
Conversion prefixes转化前缀
Miscellaneous prefixes其他类型的前缀
Prefixation
6
Classify the words into types of prefixations:
unhappy
multi-dimentional
non-violence
malodorous
bilingual,
archbishop,
subway,
hemisphere
foresight
antisocial,
uniform,
translate
endanger
neo-Nazi
miniskirt
postwar
befriend,
triangle,
decode
Prefixation
7
Prefixes
Examples
Negative
Reversative or privative
Pejorative
degree or size
orientation and attitude
Locative
time and order
Number
Conversion
Miscellaneous
Prefixation
8
Prefixes
Examples
Negative
unhappy, non-violence
Reversative or privative
decode
Pejorative
malodorous
degree or size
archbishop, miniskirt
orientation and attitude
antisocial
Locative
subway, translate
time and order
postwar, foresight
Number
hemisphere, uniform, biling