文档介绍：(modityandfactormobilityinopenMacroeconomybytoolsMicroeconomicsContents:PureTheoryinInternationalTrade(ReasonandInfluenceofInternationalTrade)PolicyofInternationalTrade(Policiesaimingatlimitingimportswhileencouragingexports)InstitutionsforInternationalTrade(WTOInstitutions)第1页/onceptsbalanceoftradeTradeSurplus(Exports>Imports,FavorableBalanceofTrade)TradeDeficit(Exports<Imports,UnfavorableBalanceofTrade)TradeBalance(Exports=Imports)modityStructureGeographicalStructureDependencyofTrade2004、2005年中国的贸易收支2004年中国对外贸易依存度接近70%2005年中国主要进出口商品第2页/,(inChap3,4,5and6),,TheoryofAbsoluteCostTheoryofabsolutecostItisatheoreticalexplanationtothecauseofinternationaltradeIntroducedbyAdamSmithinhis“WealthofNations”第3页/共90页GraphofAbsoluteCostUnitCostCalculatedintermsoflaborUKPortugalCarpetWine4863Eachcountryproducesgoodsabsolutelylowincost,inexchangeforothercountries’goodsabsolutelylowincostTradebasedondivisionoflaborReasonoftradeisbecauseofdifferencesinabsolutecostCouldcountrieshavetradewithoutabsolutedifferencesincost?第4页/,1817Background谷物法Cultivationofwheatexpands,landofgrassshrinks,andpriceofwoolgoesup小麦价格上涨LaborismoreexpansiveFoodexpendincreases,endgoodsexpenddecreasesRevengefromothercountries,exportofendproductsdecrease损害了资产阶级的利益要求自由贸易第5页/共90页CaseofRicardianModelUnitCostCalculatedintermsoflaborBritainPortugalCarpetWine48610Assumptions:Twonations,twoproducts,onefactor,fixedproductivity,sufficientemployment,petition,non-mobilityoffactor,barter,notechnologicalimprovement,notransportationcostTheabsolutecostsofbothproductsinBritainislowerthanthatinPortugal,whyistherestilltradebetweenthesetwocountries第6页/parativecostdifference两利相权取其重,两弊相权取其轻Asufficientconditionofi