文档介绍：Mindfulness Training as a Clinical Intervention:
A Conceptual and Empirical Review
Ruth A. Baer, University of Kentucky
Interventions based on training in mindfulness skills are (Goleman & Schwartz, 1976;Kabat-Zinn, 1982). The cur-
ing increasingly popular. Mindfulness involves in- rent mindfulness literature describes numerous meditation
tentionally bringing one’s attention to the internal and ex- exercises designed to develop mindfulness skills (Hanh,
ternal experiences occurring in the present moment, and 1976; Kabat-Zinn, 1990, 1994; Linehan, 1993b). Many
is often taught through a variety of meditation exercises. encourage individuals to attend to the internal experiences
occurring in each moment, such as bodily sensations,
This review summarizes conceptual approaches to mind-
thoughts, and emotions. Others encourage attention to
fulness and empirical research on the utility of mindfulness-
aspects of the environment, such as sights and sounds
based interventions. Meta-analytic techniques were in-
(Kabat-Zinn, 1994; Linehan, 1993b). All suggest that
corporated to facilitate quantification of findings and mindfulness should be practiced with an attitude of non-
comparison across studies. Although the current empir- judgmental acceptance. That is, phenomena that enter the
ical literature includes many methodological flaws, find- individual’s awareness during mindfulness practice, such as
ings suggest that mindfulness-based interventions may perceptions, cognitions, emotions, or sensations, are ob-
be helpful in the treatment of several disorders. Method- served carefully but are not evaluated as good or bad, true
ologically sound investigations are mended in order or false, healthy or sick, or important or trivial (Marlatt &
to clarify the utility of these interventions. Kristeller, 1999). Thus, mindfulness is the nonjudgmental
Key words: mindfulness, meditation, meta-analysis, observation of the ongoing stream of internal and external
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