13equilibrium总需求-总供给.ppt

文档介绍：Equilibrium: real output and the price level
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Price level
(价格水平)
Real GDP
AS
Qe
Pe
AD
ASLR
Qp
Q1
Q2
P3
P2
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Shifting aggregate demand
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Factors that shift the aggregate demand curve(使总需求曲线移动的因素)
in consumer spending
(1) Consumer wealth( 消费者财富状况)
(2) Consumer expectations(消费者预期)
(3) Consumer indebtedness(债务状况)
(4) taxes(税收)
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Factors that shift the aggregate demand curve(使总需求曲线移动的因素)
in investment spending
(1) interest rate (利率)
(2) Profit expectations(预期利润)
(3) business taxes (企业税收)
(4) technology(技术)
(5) degree of excess capacity(超额生产能力的程度)
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Factors that shift the aggregate demand curve(使总需求曲线移动的因素)
in government purchases spending
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Factors that shift the aggregate demand curve(使总需求曲线移动的因素)
exports spending
(1) foreign GDP growth(国外GDP的增长)
(2) the level of the exchange rate(汇率水平)
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总需求增加引起的效果依赖于总需求曲线处于短期总供给曲线的位置和经济距离潜在产出水平的距离.
The effect of an increase in aggregate demand depend on the position on the short-run aggregate supply curve in which it occurs and on the distance that the economy is from its potential output level.
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Price level
(价格水平)
Real GDP
AS
Q2
P2
AD2
ASLR
Qp
Q1
P1
AD1
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An increase in aggregate demand at lower levels of output will increase real domestic output but cause little change in the price level.
在较低的产出水平上增加总需求会导致实际产出的大幅度增加, 同时却只导致物价水平的微小变化.
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