文档介绍：The Free High School Science Texts: A Textbook
for High School Students Studying Maths.
FHSST Authors1
December 9, 2005
1See http://savannah./projects/fhsst
Copyright c 2003 “Free High School Science Texts”
Permission
is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this docu-
ment under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Ver-
sion or any later version published by the Free Software Foun-
dation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no
Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section
entitled “GNU Free Documentation License”.
i
Contents
I Maths 1
1 Numbers 3
Letters and Arithmetic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Adding and Subtracting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Negative Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Brackets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Multiplying and Dividing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Rearranging Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Living Without the Number Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Types of Real Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Integers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Fractions and Decimal numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Rational Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Exponents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Surds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Like and Unlike Surds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Rationalising Denominators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Estimating a Surd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Scienti
c Notation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Worked Examples . . . .