文档介绍：arXiv:quant-ph/0402141 v1 19 Feb 2004
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Dissertation
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c 2003, Omid Akhavan
ii
To
my mother, who has been with me every day of my life
and to
my wife Eli, who gave me l ve
♥
iii
In the memory of
our beloved friend and colleague the late Dr. Majid Abolhasani,
who gave me some ments on the foundations of quantum mechanics,
and was my initial encourager for working on quantum information theory.
iv
Acknowledgements
It is a great pleasure to thank the many people who have contributed to this
dissertation. My deepest thanks go to Dr. Mehdi Golshani, my professor, for
his moral and financial support through the years of my PhD, for his unfailing
positive attitude which remounted my morale more than once, for his under-
standing and sympathy for my problems with my hands, and for being my guide
through the maze of quantum world. He has been a valued teacher, and I hope
my seven years at Sharif University have given me even a few of his qualities.
Special thanks go to Ali T. Rezakhani, my close friend, collaborator and
colleague, for his considerable influence on this dissertation. Much of the view
point mentioned here was worked out in valuable conservations with him.
Warm thanks to Dr. Alireza Z. Moshfegh for introducing me to experimental
physics, for mon works which are not part of this thesis, and for his moral
and financial supports through all years of my presence at Sharif University.
Thanks also go to Dr. Vahid Karimipour for his stimulating discussions
on quantum information theory, for reading this thesis and for his illum