文档介绍：销售商竞争且需求受库存影响的供应链协调研究
刘阳李胜冯慧芳戴岱
(西南财经大学工商管理学院四川成都 610074)
摘要: 本文针对单一制造商和两个销售商组成的两层供应链系统,研究了需求受库存水平影响的供应链协调问题。首先分析了三方联合运作的情形,然后根据制造商主导的Stackelberg对策结构对供应链成员之间的单独决策问题进行了分析,最后为制造商提出了一个改善整个渠道效率的量折扣策略。虽然研究结果表明由于销售商的水平竞争,该折扣模型不能使得供应链达到完美协调状态,但是这恰恰说明了现代供应链系统的复杂性,因此上下游企业具有联合的必要性。文章结尾给出了应用实例。
关键词: 库存影响需求;量折扣;供应链协调;两销售商
Supply Chain Coordination with a Stock-dependent Demand and Two-peting
Liu Yang, Li Sheng, Feng Huifang, Dai Dai
(School of Business Administration, Southwestern University of Finance & Economics, Chengdu 610074)
Abstract: A supply chain coordination problem with a stock-dependent demand is considered, where the supply chain posed of a single manufacturer and two retailers. Firstly, we study the central decision when the three partners are integrated. Secondly, the problem is analyzed as a Stackelberg game in which the manufacturer declares its wholesale price to the retailers and then the retailers follow by selecting their orders. Then a quantity discount pricing policy is proposed for the manufacturer that could make channel efficiency better, although the results verify that this policy can not make the manufacturer’s profit better and enhances the retailers’ profit, the phenomenon is reasonable. It is proved panies need to coordinate with others in modern society. At last, numerical examples and sensitive analysis of the parameters are presented to illustrate the developed model.
Keywords: stock-dependent demand ;quantity discount ; supply chain coordination; two retailers
1 引言
随着全球经济一体化的到来,企业逐渐认识到了联合其上、下游企业形成优势互补的供应链以增强其整体竞争力的重要性,因此不同程度、不同层次的供应链应运而生,这使得供应链中各成员间的运作协调与合作问题引起了人们的广泛关注。如果供应链是一体化的,即各成员属于同一个经济体,那么此时各成员的利益目标是一致的,较容易实现供应链协调。然而,实际中的供应链大多是非一体化的,即供应链的成员是属于不同的企业,因此各成员追求的是自身利益的最大化,而且其利益目标往往是冲突的,这就使得各成员之间运作策略的协调变得相当困难,因此如何设计适合的激励机制来诱使供应链更好地协调成为供应链管理理论研究的热点问题之一。
量折扣是基本的定价策略,也是促进供应链协调运作十分有效的手段之一,因为量折扣的提供者可以设计适当的折扣策略来诱使供应链的其他成员完成供应链的协调运作[1]。所谓量折扣,即数量折扣契约,其作为一种常见的供应链协调机制。早期有关量折扣的研究主要是从销售商的角度来展开的,具有代表性的研究如Hadley和Whitin[2],Peterson和Silver[3]等。后来,