文档介绍：第3章统计概述
Summary of Statistics
本章概要
Statistical Thinking and Management
Descriptive versus Inferential Statistics
Types of Data and their Sources
Types of Sampling Methods
Types of Survey Errors
Statistical Thinking and Management
统计思想与管理
Three Aspects of Quality Improvement
Management Philosophy
管理哲学
Behavioral Tools
行为工具
Statistical Methods
统计方法
Statistical Methods
Descriptive Statistics
Inferential Statistics
Collecting and describing data.
Making decisions based on sample data.
统计描述
统计推断
统计描述
收集资料、整理资料、描述资料
Collect Data . Survey
Present Data . Tables and Graphs
Characterize Data . Mean
A Characteristic of a:
(1) Population is a Parameter
(2) Sample is a Statistic.
统计推断
参数估计、假设检验
Estimation
Hypothesis
Testing
Making decisions concerning a population based on sample results.
Types of Data
分类资料、数字资料(离散、连续)
Data Sources
(观测、调研、实验)(数据编辑、出版及电子介质)
Primary
Data Collection
Secondary
pilation
Observation
Experimentation
Survey
Print or Electronic
Quota
Types of Sampling Methods
抽样方法类型
Samples
Non-Probability Samples
非概率抽样
Judgement
Chunk
Probability Samples
概率抽样
Simple
Random
Systematic
Stratified
Cluster
概率抽样
Probability Samples
Simple
Random
Systematic
Stratified
Cluster
Subjects of the sample are chosen based on known probabilities.