文档介绍：科举制度的利弊分析
石兴刚
[论文摘要]中国隋唐时代兴起的科举制度,作为封建时代人事行政制度的最高成就,不仅为其后的封建社会各朝代提供了蓝本和基础,亦成为西方文官制度的摹本。虽然科举制度的创立是中央集权的需要,是选士制度发展的必然结果,有着其产生的必要性和其积极的一面,但是他和许多事物的产生一样有着双面性,是一把双刃剑。本文通过对科举制度产生的利弊分析,客观的阐明了科举制度在历史上所产生的作用,并从中汲取我们当今选拔人才制度应该学习和借鉴的东西。
[关键词]科举制度利处意义
The examination system pros and cons
Shi Xinggang
Abstract:China sui tang era rise of imperial examination system, as the feudal system of personnel administration highest achievement, not only for subsequent feudal dynasties provides blueprint and foundation, also e the copy western civilian system. Although the imperial examination system was created centralized need, is selected inevitable e of the development of the system, has its produce and the necessity of its positive side, but he and many things have two-sidedness, produce the same is a double-edged sword. This article through to the imperial system produces the pros and cons, objective illuminates the imperial examination system in history of effects, and we analyzed our now education should we learn things.
Keywords:The imperial; System; The place; meaning
前言
科举制一方面体现了公平的原则,是当时是最有权威的测试,也使得平民有了走上仕途的机会,是九品中正制的进步,使中国有贵族统治阶级变为地主(庶族)统治阶级,总之,科举制出现问题是在宋代以后,在当时还是有进步意义的,但另一方面科举制束缚了知识分子的思想,压制了知识分子的思想,限制了学术自由,在后期消极影响甚至大于积极影响,阻碍了思想的发展和学术进步,对社会产生了一定的负面影响
一、科举制度的演变
(一)科举制度产生的背景
在奴隶社会,居于主流的人事行政模式是世卿世禄制。这一制度是根据血缘关系的亲疏远近,在固定的奴隶主贵族家庭中选拔国家官吏,职官世代承袭。此外还存在着由官员作为举荐人的“乡举里选制”,即官员根据乡间民间的言论,向君主