文档介绍：摘要
摘要
从 1776 亚当·斯密的《国民财富的性质和原因的研究》出版至今,西方经济学与
伦理学在二百多年的历史中跳了一支黑格尔的否定之否定之舞。从结合伦理分析的古典
经济学,到与伦理学渐行渐远直至抛弃的现代经济学,又到上世纪 80 年代经济学与伦
理学的互相吸引,这曲否定之否定的舞曲虽未最终完成,但重建经济学伦理之维的工作
已臻佳境,达到高潮。
阿马蒂亚·森立足于人本主义视角,以经济学避无可避但自身又无法解决的一系列
前提假设为基础,从理性、自由、发展这些经济学的基础概念出发,梳理出一条经济学
人本主义复归的线索。
阿马蒂亚·森的学习经历、生活经历和思想渊源使森成为了“经济学的良心”。也
形成了森特有的研究方法:实证亦规范、经济思想与人本思想并储、伦理学方法与工程
学方法相结合。森在批判内部一致理性观、自利理性观的基础上,以更宽广的信息基础
建立了广义的理性观,将理性从“经济人”手中夺了出来,又还给了现实的人。森把自
由看作人们享受他们有理由珍视的生活的能力,认为自由对人具有建构性作用和工具性
作用,并将批判功利主义、罗尔斯自由权优先和诺齐克的自由至上主义作为基础,构建
了可行能力研究方法。森在批判数字发展观的基础上建立了以人为本的发展观,并以市
场机制、民主制度、社会保障机制等社会制度为例,评述了政策操作对人的发展的影响。
阿马蒂亚·森的理论蓝图彰显了浓厚的人本主义情怀,他的理论融合了理论分析框
架、政策操作层面以及客观经验基础,具有极强的现实意义。

关键词:人本主义理性自由发展
I
Abstract
Abstract
Since 1776, the year when An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations
which written by Adam Smith published, western economics and ethics have danced a dance
of the Hegel in the hundred years of history. The dance of the negation of the negation hasn’t
been finished. It started with the classical economics bined with ethical analysis.
Then the modern economics moved away from the ethics until abandonment. But in 1980s,
economics and ethics became attract each other. The work of reconstruction economics on
ethics dimension has reached a climax.
Amartya Sen tease out a clue of economics humanism return. This clue based on the
humanistic perspective and a series of assumptions which economics inevitable but they can
not solve, and started with basic concepts of economics as reason, freedom and development.
The learning experience, life experience and thought origins of Sen led him became
"economic conscience ". These experience also affected Sen’s research methods which
evidence also regulates, economic thought and human bined and methods of
ethics and engineering bined. Sen establish a broad conception of reason which
based on criticize the internally consistent conception of reason and self-serving conception of
reason