文档介绍：Stereotypes- ABriefHistoryDramaticDecreaseinExpressionofStereotypesKatz&Braly(1933)andreplicationsSurveyResultsDespitethisevidencesubtlerformsofstereotypingstillevidentSagar&Schofield-PencilpokingstudyWord,Zanna,&Cooper(1974)-interviewstudyDarley&Gross(1983)-SESandperformanceRogers&Prentice-Dunn-InsultstudyDovidio&Gaertner’sAversiveRacismExplanationHelpingStudyInadmissableEvidenceStudyStereotypesofBlacksinFourGenerations1933 1951 1967 1982Superstitious 84% 41% 13% 6%Lazy 75% 31% 26% 13%Ignorant 38% 24% 11% 10%Happy-go-lucky 38% 17% 27% 15%Musical 26% 33% 47% 29%Ostentatious 26% 11% 25% 5%VeryReligious 24% 17% 8% 23%Stupid 22% 10% 4% 1%StereotypesofJewsinThreeGenerations1933 1951 1967Shrewd 79% 47% 30%Mercenary 49% 28% 15%Industrious 48% 29% 33%Grasping 34% 17% 17%Intelligent 29% 37% 37%Ambitious 21% 28% 48%SurveyResultsIndicatingPrejudiceRogers&Prentice-Dunn(1981)SeekingHelpfromOthersandAversiveRacismTheWeightingofInadmissableEvidenceandAversiveRacismRecentModelsDevine(1989)-TheargumentStudy1-everyoneknowsthestereotypeStudy2-everyoneautomaticallyactivatesthestereotypeStudy3-lowprejudicepeoplebutnothighprejudicepeoplecontroltheapplicationofthestereotypeDoeseveryoneautomaticallyactivatethestereotype?Lepore&Brown(1997)-categorydoesnotautomaticallyactivatethestereotypeforallpeopleFazioetal.(1995)-therearereliabledifferenceinhowpeopleautomaticallyactivatethestereotypeStereotypeActivationDopeopleautomaticallyactivatestereotypes?Itdependsonwhatyoumeanbyautomatic;withoutawarenessyes;withoutintention,yes;withouteffort,noGilbert&Hixon(1991)Spencer,Fein,Wolfe,Fong,&Hodgson(1998);Study2Itdependsonpeople’smotivation-whenmotivatedtostereotypeeffortisnotneededeitherSpencer,Fein,Wolfe,Fong,&Hodgson(1998);Studies1&3Gilbert&Hixon